different between adverse vs sad
adverse
English
Etymology
First attested around 1374, from Old French avers (French adverse), from Latin adversus (“turned against”), past participle of advertere, from ad- (“to”) + vertere (“to turn”). See also versus.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?æd.v?(?)s/, /?d?v?(?)s/
Adjective
adverse (comparative adverser, superlative adversest)
- Unfavorable; antagonistic in purpose or effect; hostile; actively opposing one's interests or wishes; contrary to one's welfare; acting against; working in an opposing direction.
- adverse criticism
- 1829, Robert Southey, Sir Thomas More; or, Colloquies on the Progress and Prospects of Society
- Happy were it for us all if we bore prosperity as well and wisely as we endure an adverse fortune.
- Opposed; contrary; opposing one's interests or desire.
- (not comparable) Opposite; confronting.
- 1809, Lord Byron, English Bards and Scotch Reviewers, Google Books
- Calpe's adverse height / […] must greet my sight
- 1809, Lord Byron, English Bards and Scotch Reviewers, Google Books
Usage notes
Adverse is sometimes confused with averse, though the meanings are somewhat different. Adverse most often refers to things, denoting something that is in opposition to someone's interests — something one might refer to as an adversity or adversary — (adverse winds; an attitude adverse to our ideals). Averse usually refers to people, and implies one has a distaste, disinclination, or aversion toward something (a leader averse to war; an investor averse to risk taking). Averse is most often used with "to" in a construction like "I am averse to…". Adverse shows up less often in this type of construction, describing a person instead of a thing, and should carry a meaning of "actively opposed to" rather than "has an aversion to".
Derived terms
- adversely
- adverseness
- adverse possession
- adverse yaw
Antonyms
- proverse
Related terms
- adversary
- adversative
- adversity
- versus
Translations
See also
- averse
Anagrams
- Deavers, Deveras, aversed, dreaves, evaders, re-saved, resaved, veredas
French
Etymology
From Latin adversus (“against, opposite”).
Adjective
adverse (plural adverses)
- adverse
Further reading
- “adverse” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Anagrams
- déversa
Latin
Participle
adverse
- vocative masculine singular of adversus
References
- adverse in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- adverse in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
Spanish
Verb
adverse
- First-person singular (yo) present subjunctive form of adversar.
- Formal second-person singular (usted) present subjunctive form of adversar.
- Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted?) present subjunctive form of adversar.
- Formal second-person singular (usted) imperative form of adversar.
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sad
English
Etymology 1
From Middle English sad, from Old English sæd (“sated, full”), from Proto-Germanic *sadaz (“sated, satisfied”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh?- (“to satiate, satisfy”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sæd/
- Rhymes: -æd
Adjective
sad (comparative sadder or more sad, superlative saddest or most sad)
- (heading) Emotionally negative.
- Feeling sorrow; sorrowful, mournful.
- Appearing sorrowful.
- Causing sorrow; lamentable.
- 1911, G. K. Chesterton, The Ballad of the White Horse
- The Great Gaels of Ireland are the men that God made mad, / For all their wars are merry and all their songs are sad.
- 1911, G. K. Chesterton, The Ballad of the White Horse
- Poor in quality, bad; shameful, deplorable; later, regrettable, poor.
- Of colours: dark, deep; later, sombre, dull.
- 1679, Izaak Walton, The Life of Bishop Robert Sanderson
- sad-coloured clothes
- Woad, or wade, is used by the dyers to lay the foundation of many colours, especially all sad colours.
- 1679, Izaak Walton, The Life of Bishop Robert Sanderson
- Feeling sorrow; sorrowful, mournful.
- (obsolete) Sated, having had one's fill; satisfied, weary.
- (obsolete) Steadfast, valiant.
- (obsolete) Dignified, serious, grave.
- 1509, Sebastian Brant, Alexander Barclay (translator), The Ship of Fools,
- Therfore it nedeth that better prouysion.
Were founde for youthe by sad and wyse counsayle
- Therfore it nedeth that better prouysion.
- 1509, Sebastian Brant, Alexander Barclay (translator), The Ship of Fools,
- (obsolete) Naughty; troublesome; wicked.
- 1860, Isaac Taylor, Ultimate Civilization
- Sad tipsy fellows, both of them.
- 1860, Isaac Taylor, Ultimate Civilization
- (slang) Unfashionable; socially inadequate or undesirable.
- (dialect) Soggy (to refer to pastries).
- (obsolete) Heavy; weighty; ponderous; close; hard.
- Chalky lands are naturally cold and sad.
Synonyms
- (feeling mentally uncomfortable): discomforted, distressed, uncomfortable, unhappy
- (low in spirits): depressed, down in the dumps, glum, melancholy
- (moving, full of feeling): poignant, touching
- (causing sorrow): lamentable
- (poor in quality): pitiful, sorry
- See also Thesaurus:sad
- See also Thesaurus:lamentable
Antonyms
- happy
- cheerful
- gleeful, upbeat
- decent
Derived terms
- sadness
- sadder
- saddest
- sadboi
- sad sack
- sadfishing
- unsad
Related terms
- sadden
Translations
Further reading
- sad in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
- sad in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
Verb
sad (third-person singular simple present sads, present participle sadding, simple past and past participle sadded)
- (transitive, archaic) To make melancholy; to sadden or grieve (someone).
- 16??, John Webster, Appius and Virginia
- My father's wondrous pensive, and withal / With a suppress'd rage left his house displeas'd, / And so in post is hurried to the camp: / It sads me much; to expel which melancholy, / I have sent for company.
- 16??, John Webster, Appius and Virginia
Etymology 2
Noun
sad (plural sads)
- Alternative form of saad (“Arabic letter”)
Anagrams
- ADS, ADs, ASD, AdS, Ads, DA's, DAS, DAs, DSA, SDA, ads, das
Cebuano
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: sad
Adverb
sad
- (focus) also; too
- (after a negative) either
Czech
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *sad?.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [?sat]
Noun
sad m
- orchard
Declension
Derived terms
- sada? m
- sadový
Further reading
- sad in P?íru?ní slovník jazyka ?eského, 1935–1957
- sad in Slovník spisovného jazyka ?eského, 1960–1971, 1989
Danish
Verb
sad
- past tense of sidde
Gothic
Romanization
sad
- Romanization of ????????????
Livonian
Alternative forms
- (Courland) sa'd
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *sadek.
Noun
sad
- precipitation (hail, rain, snow)
Lower Sorbian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *sad? (“plant, garden”). Cognate with Upper Sorbian sad, Polish sad (“orchard”), Czech sad (“orchard”), Russian ??? (sad, “orchard, garden”), Old Church Slavonic ???? (sad?, “plant, garden”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [sat]
Noun
sad m
- fruit (food)
Declension
Old Saxon
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *sadaz, from Proto-Indo-European *seh?- (“to satiate, satisfy”).
Adjective
sad (comparative sadoro, superlative sadost)
- full, sated, satiated
- weary
Declension
Descendants
- Middle Low German sat
Polish
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *sad?.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sat/
Noun
sad m inan (diminutive sadek)
- orchard
Declension
Related terms
- (noun) sadownik
- (adjective) sadowy
Related terms
- (verb) sadzi?
Further reading
- sad in Wielki s?ownik j?zyka polskiego, Instytut J?zyka Polskiego PAN
- sad in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Scots
Etymology
From Old English sæd.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /s?d/
Adjective
sad (comparative sadder, superlative saddest)
- grave, serious
- strange, remarkable
- sad
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *s?da, *s?goda.
Alternative forms
- s?da
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sâd/
Adverb
s?d (Cyrillic spelling ????)
- now
- currently
- presently
Etymology 2
From Proto-Slavic *saditi (“to plant”). Compare Serbo-Croatian saditi and Russian ??? (sad)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sâ?d/
Noun
s?d m (Cyrillic spelling ????)
- plant nursery, plantation, orchard (specialized facility rather than a home garden)
- a seeding or sapling from a plant nursery
Declension
References
- “sad” in Hrvatski jezi?ni portal
- “sad” in Hrvatski jezi?ni portal
Slovak
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *sad?.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sad/, [sat]
Noun
sad m (genitive singular sadu, nominative plural sady, genitive plural sadov, declension pattern of dub)
- garden, orchard, plantation
Declension
Derived terms
- sadový
- sadík
References
- sad in Slovak dictionaries at korpus.sk
Slovene
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sá?t/
Noun
s?d m inan
- fruit
Inflection
Further reading
- “sad”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Wakhi
Etymology
Compare Tajik ??? (sad).
Numeral
sad
- hundred
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