different between bitumen vs mummy

English

Etymology

From Latin bit?men.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?b?t.j?.m?n/, /?b?t??.?.m?n/
• (Canada) IPA^(key): /?b?t.j?.m?n/
• (US) IPA^(key): /b??tum?n/, /b??tjum?n/, /ba??tum?n/

Noun

bitumen (countable and uncountable, plural bitumina or bitumens)

1. A sticky, black, highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum, burning with a bright flame. It occurs as an abundant natural product in many places, as on the shores of the Dead and Caspian Seas. It is used in cements, in the construction of pavements, etc.; Mineral pitch.

   Synonym: Jew's pitch
2. (by extension) Any one of the natural hydrocarbons, including the hard, solid, brittle varieties called asphalt, the semisolid maltha and mineral tars, the oily petrolea, and even the light, volatile naphthas.
3. (Canada) Canadian deposits of extremely heavy crude oil.

Synonyms

• (mineral pitch): Jew’s lime, Jew’s pitch, Jew’s slime, slime (all obsolete)

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

bitumen (third-person singular simple present bitumens, present participle bitumening, simple past and past participle bitumened)

1. To cover or fill with bitumen.

   Synonym: bituminize

   (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:)

See also

• asphalt

References

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch bitume, from Latin bit?men, which later influenced the spelling.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?bi?ty.m?(n)/
• Hyphenation: bi?tu?men

Noun

bitumen n (plural bitumina)

1. bitumen, mineral pitch

   Synonyms: aardhars, aardpek, bergteer, jodenlijm

Related terms

• beton

Latin

Etymology

The latter element is the common suffix -men; the former is from Proto-Indo-European *g?étu (“pitch”) via an Italic language in which *g? became b, e.g. Oscan or Umbrian. (The traditional derivation from Celtic is implausible as the related Celtic words—Old Irish beithe, Welsh bedw, and the Gaulish source of Spanish biezo—mean only ‘birch’, not ‘pitch’.)

Cognate with Scottish Gaelic bìth (“resin, gum”), English cud, Sanskrit ??? (jatu, “lac, gum”). Influenced by ferr?men (“cement, glue”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /bi?tu?.men/, [b??t?u?m?n]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /bi?tu.men/, [bi?t?u?m?n]

Noun

bit?men n (genitive bit?minis); third declension

1. mineral pitch, bitumen

Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

Related terms

• bit?mineus
• bit?min?
• bit?min?sus

Descendants

• French: béton
  • ? German: Beton
  • ? Portuguese: betão
• Italian: bitume
• Portuguese: betume
• Spanish: betún
• ? English: bitumen
• ? German: Bitumen
• ? Russian: ?????? m (bítum)

References

• bitumen in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• bitumen in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• bitumen in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• bitumen in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers

Romanian

Etymology

From German Bitumen, from Latin bitumen.

Noun

bitumen n (uncountable)

1. bitumen

Declension

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?m?mi/
• Rhymes: -?mi

Etymology 1

From Middle English mummie, from Anglo-Norman mumie, from Middle French momie, from Medieval Latin mumia, from Arabic ?????????? (m?miy??), from Persian ?????? (mumyâ), from ???? (mum, “wax”). Doublet of mumijo.

Noun

mummy (countable and uncountable, plural mummies)

1. (countable) An embalmed human or animal corpse wrapped in linen bandages for burial, especially as practised by the ancient Egyptians and some Native American tribes. [from 17th c.]
   • 1832, Royal Society (Great Britain), Abstracts of The Papers Printed in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, From 1800 to 1830 inclusive, Volume 1: 1800-1814, page 201,

     […] Mr. Pearson proceeds to give a particular description of the very perfect mummy of an Ibis, which forms the chief subject of the present paper.

   • 2008, Sudipta Bardhan-Quallen,, Mysteries Unwrapped: The Real Monsters, page 2,

     Many people believed in the curse of the mummy, and soon, the curse had become an accepted part of Tut?s legend.

2. (countable, by extension) A reanimated embalmed human corpse, as a typical character in horror films. [from 20th c.]
   • 2007, S. T. Joshi, Icons of Horror and the Supernatural: An Encyclopedia of Our Worst Nightmares, Volume 1, page 376,

     For many, mummies fascinate more than repel. Our horrific connotations lie not so much with the mummy itself, but in associated fears. The mummy serves, of course, as a general reminder of our own mortality and our fear of death, but this alone is not enough to make it a monster.

3. (countable, by extension) Any naturally preserved human or animal body. [from 18th c.]
5. (countable, uncountable, now rare) A brown pigment originally prepared from the ground-up remains of Egyptian animal or human mummies mixed with bitumen, etc. [from 19th c.]

   Synonym: mummy brown
6. (uncountable, now rare) A pulp. [from 17th c.]
   • 1837, Mathew Carey, Vindiciae Hibernicae (page 116)

     You may beat them to a mummy, you may put them upon the rack, you may burn them on a gridiron, […] yet you will never remove them from that innate fidelity […]

7. (uncountable, medicine, now historical) A substance used in medicine, prepared from mummified flesh. [from 14th c.]
   • 1978, Benjamin Walker, Encyclopedia of Metaphysical Medicine, Routledge 1978, p. 253:

     Yet another scatological medicament was obtained from mummy, the material derived from a dried or embalmed human corpse, the most valuable being that imported from Mizraim (ancient Egypt).

   • 2006, Philip Ball, The Devil's Doctor, Arrow 2007, p. 360:

     Nonetheless, his book advertises many Paracelsian remedies, including laudanum, mummy, antimony and mercury.

   • 1638, Sir Thomas Herbert, Some Yeares Travels into Africa and Asia the Great

     In or near this place is a precious liquor, or mummy, growing, Mumnaky-koobasa they call it, which none presumes to take, it being carefully preserved for the King's sole use.

8. (uncountable, horticulture, obsolete) A sort of wax used in grafting. [18th c.]

Derived terms

Translations

See also

• Thesaurus:corpse

Verb

mummy (third-person singular simple present mummies, present participle mummying, simple past and past participle mummied)

1. (transitive, dated) To mummify.

Etymology 2

Diminutive of mum, related to mom and mommy, from mother.

Noun

mummy (plural mummies)

1. (chiefly Britain, usually childish) mother.
   • 1926, John Steinbeck, The Saturday Evening Post, Volume 198, page 9,

     “Oh, mummy, would you like the loveliest daughter-in-law in the world? Oh, mummy, I must marry Flora Dewsley. But I know I am not nearly good enough, mummy. She knows nothing of the world and its wickedness, and I — Well, mummy, at school, a fellow learns everything. And no man is perfect, is he, mummy? […] ”

   • 1927, Harper's Magazine, Volume 155, page 188,

     Meeting mummy after this visit was not exactly easy.

   • 2003, Lionel Shriver, We Need to Talk About Kevin, 2010, unnumbered page,

     “ […] What?s your problem, you little shit? Proud of yourself, for ruining Mummy?s life?” I was careful to use the insipid falsetto the experts commend. “You?ve got Daddy snowed, but Mummy?s got your number. You're a little shit, aren?t you??

   • 2004, Dennis Child, Psychology and the Teacher, Continuum International Publishing, page 91,

     ‘ […] We have to ask mummy if we can go to Rajah?s mummy?s house (Rajah?s mummy is the owner of the dog). We can if mummy says “yes”. […] ’

   • 2009, Paul Harding, Tinkers, 2010, unnumbered page,

     Darla stared at her father and said, Mummy, Mummy, Mummy!

     Marjorie wheezed and said, Father. You. Are. Filthy!

     Joe said Daddy?s muddy! Daddy?s muddy!

     Darla stared at the darkened doorway where Howard stood, saying, Mummy, Mummy, Mummy, each time a little louder, each time a bit more shrilly, […] .

Alternative forms

• mommy (US)

Derived terms

• mummy's boy
• mummy porn

Translations