different between doux vs dux

English

Etymology

Borrowed from French doux. Doublet of dulce.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /du?/
• Homophones: do, doo
• Homophones: dew, due (in accents with yod-dropping)

Adjective

doux (comparative more doux, superlative most doux)

1. (wine) Sweet.

Anagrams

• udox

French

Etymology

From Old French dous, inherited from Latin dulcis (“sweet”), from Proto-Indo-European *dl?kú- (“sweet”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /du/
• Rhymes: -u
• Homophones: Doubs, doue, douent, doues
• Hyphenation: doux

Adjective

doux (feminine singular douce, masculine plural doux, feminine plural douces)

1. sweet
   • 1837 Louis Viardot, L’Ingénieux Hidalgo Don Quichotte de la Manche^{fr.Wikisource}, translation of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Chapter I:

     Il lui parut convenable et nécessaire, aussi bien pour l’éclat de sa gloire que pour le service de son pays, de se faire chevalier errant, de s’en aller par le monde, avec son cheval et ses armes, chercher les aventures, et de pratiquer tout ce qu’il avait lu que pratiquaient les chevaliers errants, redressant toutes sortes de torts, et s’exposant à tant de rencontres, à tant de périls, qu’il acquît, en les surmontant, une éternelle renommée. Il s’imaginait déjà, le pauvre rêveur, voir couronner la valeur de son bras au moins par l’empire de Trébizonde. Ainsi emporté par de si douces pensées et par l’ineffable attrait qu’il y trouvait, il se hâta de mettre son désir en pratique.

     It seemed to him appropriate and necessary, as much for the shine of his own glory as for the service of his country, that he should become a knight-errant, and go about the world, with his horse and his weapons, looking for adventures, and practising everything that he had read that knights-errant practised, redressing all sorts of wrongs, and exposing themselves to so many encounters, to so many perils, that he should gain, in surmounting them, eternal fame. He already imagined himself, the poor dreamer, seeing himself crowned at least by the emperor of Trebizond. So taken away was he by such sweet thoughts and by the ineffable attraction that he found in them, he hurried to put his desire into practice.

2. soft
3. mild, gentle
4. (of water) fresh, not salty

Derived terms

Related terms

• douçâtre
• doucereux
• doucette
• douceur

Adverb

doux

1. gently

   Synonym: doucement

Usage notes

Only used in a few expressions: tout doux, filer doux, rouler doux.

Further reading

• “doux” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Norman

Etymology

From Old French dous, from Latin dulcis, dulcem, from Proto-Indo-European *dl?kú- (“sweet”).

Adjective

doux m

1. (Jersey) mild, sweet

Derived terms

• chèrfi doux (“cicely”)
• douochement (“mildly, sweetly”)

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin dux (“leader”). Doublet of duke and doge.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d?ks/
• Homophone: ducks

Noun

dux (plural duxes or duces)

1. (Britain, Australia, New Zealand) The top (male or female) academic student in a school, or in a year of school; the top student in a specified academic discipline.
   • 1849, Wilhelm Steven, The History of the High School of Edinburgh, page 191,

     […] on the motion of Sir John Marjoribanks, Bart., Lord Provost, unanimously resolved, July 27, 1814, “that there be annually presented by the town of Edinburgh to the boy at the head of the Greek class, taught by the rector of the High School, a gold medal of the same value [five guineas] as that annually presented to the dux of the Latin class.”

   • 1999, Keith Scott, Gareth Evans, page 29,

     He finished the year dux of Form III with an average 90 per cent over eight subjects. The school did not award end-of-year marks in fourth and fifth forms, but Evans? report for those years shows he passed all subjects in both years and was again dux in Form V.

   • 2010, Roger K. A. Allen, Ballina Boy, page 28,

     This school was where my father had been dux in his senior year in 1937 just as his father had been dux at the Rockhampton Grammar School²⁷ before the turn of the 19th century.

   • 2011, A. Lydiard, Running to the Top, page 17,

     Quite a few who became national athletic champions were also duxes or top academic pupils at their schools.

2. (historical) A high-ranking commander in the Roman army, responsible for more than one legion.
3. (music) The subject of a fugue, answered by the comes.

Synonyms

• (top student): valedictorian

Related terms

• duke
• doge

Anagrams

• UXD

Azerbaijani

Etymology

From Russian ??? (dux).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [du?]

Noun

dux (definite accusative duxu, plural duxlar)

1. (colloquial, proscribed) courage

   Synonyms: (vulgar) göt, c?sar?t

Declension

Further reading

• “dux” in Obastan.com.

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *duks, from Proto-Indo-European *déwk-s, root nomen agentis from *dewk- (“to lead”), whence d?c? (“I lead”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /duks/, [d??ks?]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /duks/, [d?uks]

Noun

dux m or f (genitive ducis); third declension

1. leader, head
2. commander, general, captain
3. prince, ruler
4. guide, cicerone, conductor
5. (Medieval Latin) duke

   Coordinate term: ducissa

Declension

Third-declension noun.

Usage notes

During the Roman Republic, dux could refer to anyone who commanded troops including foreign leaders but was not a formal military rank. In writing his commentaries on the Gallic Wars, Julius Caesar uses the term only for Celtic generals, with one exception for a Roman commander who held no official rank.

Derived terms

• archidux (Medieval)
• condux (Medieval)
• duc?tus
• ?duc?
• tr?dux

Related terms

• archiduc?tus
• d?c?

Descendants

References

• dux in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• dux in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• dux in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• dux in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book?^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
• dux in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• dux in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700?^[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
• dux in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, ?ISBN
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin dux. Doublet of duque.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?du?s/, [?d?u??s]

Noun

dux m (plural dux)

1. doge (chief magistrate in the republics of Venice and Genoa)