different between ergative vs transpose

English

Etymology

From the Ancient Greek ??????? (ergát?s, “worker”), from ????? (érgon, “work”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /?????t?v/
• (US) enPR: ûr'g?t?v, IPA^(key): /????t?v/

Adjective

ergative (not comparable)

1. (grammar) Used of various situations where the subjects of transitive constructions have different grammatical cases or thematic relations to those of intransitive constructions.

   The case systems of ergative languages are counterintuitive to speakers of Indo-European languages.

   • 1987, George Van Driem, A Grammar of Limbu, page 39,

     The ergative case marks the agent of a transitive verb. The ergative suffix is -le/-re/-lle/-?ille. The form of the ergative suffix is /-le/ for the indefinite and /-?ille/ for the definite after the consonants /?/, /k/, /t/, /p/, /b/, /?/, /n/ and /m/.

   • To illustrate what is meant by an ‘Ergative? structure, consider the following set of examples:
     (155) (a)      John broke the door
     (155) (b)      The door broke
     (156) (a)      John might drown the kittens
     (156) (b)      The kittens might drown
     (157) (a)      The artillery will sink the ship
     (157) (b)      The ship will sink
     (158) (a)      John rolled the ball down the hill
     (158) (b)      The ball rolled down the hill
     Following the terminology adopted in Chapter 7 (after Burzio (1986), p. 30), we might say that the (a) member of each of these pairs is a transitive structure, and the (b) member an ergative structure. In Burzio?s use of the term, an ergative Clause is an intransitive Clause which has a transitive counterpart in which the transitive Object corresponds to the ergative Subject.

   • 2000, Hans Bennis, Adjectives and Argument Structure, Peter Coopmans, Martin Everaert, Jane Barbara Grimshaw (editors), Lexical Specification and Insertion, page 28,

     A large number of adjectives that are unergative according to the tests provided in Section 2 appear to be ergative with respect to their argument structure.

   • 2008, Geoffrey Khan, HdO: The Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Barwar, page 22,

     In Kurdish, on the other hand, the corresponding compound construction, which appears to have been the model for the NENA^{[North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic]} construction, is ergative in form when the verb is transitive.

Derived terms

• ergative-absolutive
• ergative case
• ergative verb

Related terms

• ergativity
• unergative

Noun

ergative (plural ergatives)

1. (linguistics) The ergative case.
   • 2006, Miriam Butt, Theories of Case, page 178.

     There are some languages in which the ergative is not acquired as quickly or as easily as described above.

2. (linguistics) An ergative verb or other expression.
   • 1987, Edward L. Keenan, Noun Phrase Accessibility and Universal Grammar, Universal Grammar: 15 Essays, page 26,

     Woodbury (1975) does argue, however, that absolutives are more relativisable in Greenlandic than are ergatives, on the grounds that (1) RCs^{[Relative Clauses]} formed on ergatives are somewhat more restricted in the distribution in matrix clauses (p. 21) than are those formed on absolutives, and (2) for certain verb classes ergatives cannot be relativised out of the active participle (p. 27).

   • 1994, Virginia Yip, Chapter 6: Grammatical consciousness-raising and learnability, Terence Odlin (editor), Perspectives on Pedagogical Grammar, page 128,

     Ergatives share close similarities with agentless passives: Both are intransitive, both lack an agent, while the patient appears in the subject position. As the acquisition data show, learners seem to treat ergatives like passives.

   • 2012, Michael A. Daniel, Timur A. Maisak, Solmaz R. Merdanova, Causatives in Agul, Pirkko Suihkonen, Bernard Comrie, V. D. Solov?ev (editors), Argument Structure and Grammatical Relations: A Crosslinguistic Typology, page 66,

     Combining two ergatives in one clause is not always ungrammatical in Agul; but one of the ergatives must be used in a non-agentive function, e.g. instrumental or temporal.

Translations

See also

• absolutive
• stative

References

• ergative at OneLook Dictionary Search

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??.?a.tiv/

Adjective

ergative

1. feminine singular of ergatif

Italian

Adjective

ergative

1. feminine plural of ergativo

English

Etymology 1

From Old French transposer, from Latin transpositus (perfect passive participle), from Latin transponere (“to put across”), from trans (“across”) + ponere (“to put”).

Pronunciation

• (US) enPR: tr?nzp?z', IPA^(key): /t?ænz?p??z/
• (UK) enPR: tränsp?z', IPA^(key): /t???ns?p??z/

Verb

transpose (third-person singular simple present transposes, present participle transposing, simple past and past participle transposed)

1. (transitive) To reverse or change the order of (two or more things); to swap or interchange.
2. (transitive, music) To rewrite or perform (a piece) in another key.
3. (transitive, algebra) To move (a term) from one side of an algebraic equation to the other, reversing the sign of the term.

   Synonyms: reduce, cancel

4. (transitive, linear algebra) To rearrange elements in a matrix, by interchanging their respective row and column positional indicators.
5. (transitive, law, chiefly of the European Union) To give force to a directive by passing appropriate implementation measures.

Synonyms

• (reverse or change the order of): exchange, interchange, swap, swap over, swap round, switch; See also Thesaurus:switch

Translations

Adjective

transpose (comparative more transpose, superlative most transpose)

1. (adjective, linear algebra) A matrix with the characteristic of having been transposed from a given matrix.

Noun

transpose (plural transposes)

1. (adjective, linear algebra) The resulting matrix, derived from performing a transpose operation on a given matrix.

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From the verb.

Pronunciation

• (US) enPR: tr?nz'p?z, IPA^(key): /?t?ænzp??z/
• (UK) enPR: träns'p?z, IPA^(key): /?t???nsp??z/

Noun

transpose (plural transposes)

1. (linear algebra) The process of rearranging elements in a matrix, by interchanging their respective row and column positional indicators.

Translations

Anagrams

• near posts, patroness, postnares, prostanes, sparstone

French

Pronunciation

• Homophones: transposent, transposes

Verb

transpose

1. first-person singular present indicative of transposer
2. third-person singular present indicative of transposer
3. first-person singular present subjunctive of transposer
4. third-person singular present subjunctive of transposer
5. second-person singular imperative of transposer

Anagrams

• passeront, reposants

Italian

Verb

transpose

1. third-person singular past historic of transporre

Anagrams

• spostarne, spronaste