different between ergo vs ergative

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English ergo, from Latin ergo.

Pronunciation

• (General American)IPA^(key): /???o?/
• Rhymes: -??(r)???

Adverb

ergo (not comparable)

1. Consequently, therefore, or thus.
   • 2003, Pirates of the Caribbean:

     The pirates who invaded this fort left Sparrow locked in his cell; ergo, they are not his allies.

Translations

Conjunction

ergo

1. therefore (especially in syllogisms)

Translations

Etymology 2

Clipping

Pronunciation

• (US) IPA^(key): /???o?/

Noun

ergo (plural ergos)

1. (rowing, slang) An ergometer (rowing machine).

Etymology 3

Clipping of ergonomic

Pronunciation

• (US) IPA^(key): /???o?/

Noun

ergo (plural ergos)

1. (informal) An ergonomic factor or characteristic.

Anagrams

• Geor., Gero, Gore, Ogre, Rego, gero-, goer, gore, ogre, orge, rego, roge

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /????o/

Adverb

ergo

1. ergo

Further reading

• “ergo” in Duden online

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??r.?o/

Etymology 1

From Latin erg?.

Conjunction

ergo

1. ergo

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the main entry.

Verb

ergo

1. first-person singular present indicative of ergere

Further reading

• ergo in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Anagrams

• egro, orge

Latin

Alternative forms

• ergo (poetic)

Etymology

Equivalent to an adverbial derivation from *?reg?, presumably ex- +? reg?, with sense similar to cognate perg? (“I proceed”), from Proto-Indo-European *h?re?- (“to straighten; right”). See also erg?. Compare with the adverbial use of ? regi?ne (“directly, against”), with the same elements.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?er.?o?/, [??r?o?]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?er.?o/, [??r??]

Conjunction

erg?

1. therefore, because, hence, consequently, thus
   • 1637, René Descartes' Discourse on the Method

     Cogito, ergo sum.

     I think, therefore I am.

Derived terms

• dicis erg?

Adverb

erg? (not comparable)

1. consequently, therefore
2. accordingly, then

Descendants

References

• ergo in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• ergo in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ergo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette

Middle English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin ergo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??r???/

Adverb

ergo

1. (Late Middle English) thus, consequently, ergo

Descendants

• English: ergo

References

• “erg?, adv.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-12.

Polish

Etymology

From Latin erg?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??r.??/

Conjunction

ergo

1. (rare, literary) therefore, thus

   Synonyms: przeto, tote?, wi?c, zatem

Further reading

• ergo in Wielki s?ownik j?zyka polskiego, Instytut J?zyka Polskiego PAN
• ergo in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: er?go

Etymology 1

From Latin erg?.

Conjunction

ergo

1. ergo, therefore

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the main entry.

Verb

ergo

1. first-person singular (eu) present indicative of erguer

Usage notes

ergo as a verb has a closed sound in comparison with the conjunction.

Further reading

• “ergo” in iDicionário Aulete.
• “ergo” in Dicionário inFormal.
• “ergo” in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2021.
• “ergo” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin erg?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?e??o/, [?e?.??o]

Conjunction

ergo

1. ergo, therefore

Further reading

• “ergo” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

Tagalog

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish ergo.

Conjunction

ergo

1. ergo, therefore

English

Etymology

From the Ancient Greek ??????? (ergát?s, “worker”), from ????? (érgon, “work”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /?????t?v/
• (US) enPR: ûr'g?t?v, IPA^(key): /????t?v/

Adjective

ergative (not comparable)

1. (grammar) Used of various situations where the subjects of transitive constructions have different grammatical cases or thematic relations to those of intransitive constructions.

   The case systems of ergative languages are counterintuitive to speakers of Indo-European languages.

   • 1987, George Van Driem, A Grammar of Limbu, page 39,

     The ergative case marks the agent of a transitive verb. The ergative suffix is -le/-re/-lle/-?ille. The form of the ergative suffix is /-le/ for the indefinite and /-?ille/ for the definite after the consonants /?/, /k/, /t/, /p/, /b/, /?/, /n/ and /m/.

   • To illustrate what is meant by an ‘Ergative? structure, consider the following set of examples:
     (155) (a)      John broke the door
     (155) (b)      The door broke
     (156) (a)      John might drown the kittens
     (156) (b)      The kittens might drown
     (157) (a)      The artillery will sink the ship
     (157) (b)      The ship will sink
     (158) (a)      John rolled the ball down the hill
     (158) (b)      The ball rolled down the hill
     Following the terminology adopted in Chapter 7 (after Burzio (1986), p. 30), we might say that the (a) member of each of these pairs is a transitive structure, and the (b) member an ergative structure. In Burzio?s use of the term, an ergative Clause is an intransitive Clause which has a transitive counterpart in which the transitive Object corresponds to the ergative Subject.

   • 2000, Hans Bennis, Adjectives and Argument Structure, Peter Coopmans, Martin Everaert, Jane Barbara Grimshaw (editors), Lexical Specification and Insertion, page 28,

     A large number of adjectives that are unergative according to the tests provided in Section 2 appear to be ergative with respect to their argument structure.

   • 2008, Geoffrey Khan, HdO: The Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Barwar, page 22,

     In Kurdish, on the other hand, the corresponding compound construction, which appears to have been the model for the NENA^{[North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic]} construction, is ergative in form when the verb is transitive.

Derived terms

• ergative-absolutive
• ergative case
• ergative verb

Related terms

• ergativity
• unergative

Noun

ergative (plural ergatives)

1. (linguistics) The ergative case.
   • 2006, Miriam Butt, Theories of Case, page 178.

     There are some languages in which the ergative is not acquired as quickly or as easily as described above.

2. (linguistics) An ergative verb or other expression.
   • 1987, Edward L. Keenan, Noun Phrase Accessibility and Universal Grammar, Universal Grammar: 15 Essays, page 26,

     Woodbury (1975) does argue, however, that absolutives are more relativisable in Greenlandic than are ergatives, on the grounds that (1) RCs^{[Relative Clauses]} formed on ergatives are somewhat more restricted in the distribution in matrix clauses (p. 21) than are those formed on absolutives, and (2) for certain verb classes ergatives cannot be relativised out of the active participle (p. 27).

   • 1994, Virginia Yip, Chapter 6: Grammatical consciousness-raising and learnability, Terence Odlin (editor), Perspectives on Pedagogical Grammar, page 128,

     Ergatives share close similarities with agentless passives: Both are intransitive, both lack an agent, while the patient appears in the subject position. As the acquisition data show, learners seem to treat ergatives like passives.

   • 2012, Michael A. Daniel, Timur A. Maisak, Solmaz R. Merdanova, Causatives in Agul, Pirkko Suihkonen, Bernard Comrie, V. D. Solov?ev (editors), Argument Structure and Grammatical Relations: A Crosslinguistic Typology, page 66,

     Combining two ergatives in one clause is not always ungrammatical in Agul; but one of the ergatives must be used in a non-agentive function, e.g. instrumental or temporal.

Translations

See also

• absolutive
• stative

References

• ergative at OneLook Dictionary Search

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??.?a.tiv/

Adjective

ergative

1. feminine singular of ergatif

Italian

Adjective

ergative

1. feminine plural of ergativo