different between grim vs sad

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /???m/
• Rhymes: -?m

Etymology 1

From Middle English grim, from Old English grim, grimm, from Proto-West Germanic *grimm, from Proto-Germanic *grimmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *g?rem- (“to resound, thunder, grumble, roar”). Noun sense derives from adjective, from 1620s.

Adjective

grim (comparative grimmer, superlative grimmest)

1. dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding

   Life was grim in many northern industrial towns.
2. rigid and unrelenting

   His grim determination enabled him to win.

3. ghastly or sinister

   A grim castle overshadowed the village.

   • 2012 March 22, Scott Tobias, “The Hunger Games”, in AV Club:

     In movie terms, it suggests Paul Verhoeven in Robocop/Starship Troopers mode, an R-rated bloodbath where the grim spectacle of children murdering each other on television is bread-and-circuses for the age of reality TV, enforced by a totalitarian regime to keep the masses at bay.

4. disgusting; gross

   - Wanna see the dead rat I found in my fridge?
   - Mate, that is grim!

Derived terms

Translations

Noun

grim (plural grims)

1. (obsolete) specter, ghost, haunting spirit

Verb

grim (third-person singular simple present grims, present participle grimming, simple past and past participle grimmed)

1. (transitive, rare) To make grim; to give a stern or forbidding aspect to.

Etymology 2

From Middle English grim, grym, greme, from Old English *grimu, *grimmu, from Proto-Germanic *grimm?? (“anger, wrath”), from Proto-Indo-European *g?rem- (“to resound, thunder, grumble, roar”). Cognate with Middle Dutch grimme, Middle High German grimme f (“anger”), modern German Grimm m.

Noun

grim (uncountable)

1. (archaic) Anger, wrath.

Derived terms

• grimful
• grimless

Danish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [????m?]

Etymology

From Old Norse grimmr, from Proto-Germanic *grimmaz.

Adjective

grim

1. ugly, unsightly
2. nasty

Inflection

Kalasha

Verb

grim

1. taking

Old English

Alternative forms

• grimm

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *grimm.

Cognate with Old Saxon grim, Old High German grim (German grimm, grimmig), Old Norse grimmr (Danish grim, Swedish grym); and with Greek ??????? (chremízo), Old Church Slavonic ??????? (gr?m?ti) (Russian ???????? (gremét?)), Latvian gremt.

Perhaps related in Old Norse to veiled or hooded, Grim is also an alternate name for Odin, who often went around disguised; compare the hooded appearance of The Grim Reaper.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?rim/

Adjective

grim

1. fierce, severe, terrible, savage, cruel, angry

Declension

Descendants

• Middle English: grim
  • Scots: grim
  • English: grim

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English sad, from Old English sæd (“sated, full”), from Proto-Germanic *sadaz (“sated, satisfied”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh?- (“to satiate, satisfy”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sæd/
• Rhymes: -æd

Adjective

sad (comparative sadder or more sad, superlative saddest or most sad)

1. (heading) Emotionally negative.
   1. Feeling sorrow; sorrowful, mournful.
   2. Appearing sorrowful.

   3. Causing sorrow; lamentable.
      • 1911, G. K. Chesterton, The Ballad of the White Horse

        The Great Gaels of Ireland are the men that God made mad, / For all their wars are merry and all their songs are sad.
   4. Poor in quality, bad; shameful, deplorable; later, regrettable, poor.
   5. Of colours: dark, deep; later, sombre, dull.
      • 1679, Izaak Walton, The Life of Bishop Robert Sanderson

        sad-coloured clothes

      • Woad, or wade, is used by the dyers to lay the foundation of many colours, especially all sad colours.

2. (obsolete) Sated, having had one's fill; satisfied, weary.
3. (obsolete) Steadfast, valiant.
4. (obsolete) Dignified, serious, grave.
   • 1509, Sebastian Brant, Alexander Barclay (translator), The Ship of Fools,

     Therfore it nedeth that better prouysion.
     Were founde for youthe by sad and wyse counsayle
5. (obsolete) Naughty; troublesome; wicked.
   • 1860, Isaac Taylor, Ultimate Civilization

     Sad tipsy fellows, both of them.

6. (slang) Unfashionable; socially inadequate or undesirable.

7. (dialect) Soggy (to refer to pastries).
8. (obsolete) Heavy; weighty; ponderous; close; hard.
   • Chalky lands are naturally cold and sad.

Synonyms

• (feeling mentally uncomfortable): discomforted, distressed, uncomfortable, unhappy
• (low in spirits): depressed, down in the dumps, glum, melancholy
• (moving, full of feeling): poignant, touching
• (causing sorrow): lamentable
• (poor in quality): pitiful, sorry
• See also Thesaurus:sad
• See also Thesaurus:lamentable

Antonyms

• happy
• cheerful
• gleeful, upbeat
• decent

Derived terms

• sadness
• sadder
• saddest
• sadboi
• sad sack
• sadfishing
• unsad

Related terms

• sadden

Translations

Further reading

• sad in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• sad in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

Verb

sad (third-person singular simple present sads, present participle sadding, simple past and past participle sadded)

1. (transitive, archaic) To make melancholy; to sadden or grieve (someone).
   • 16??, John Webster, Appius and Virginia

     My father's wondrous pensive, and withal / With a suppress'd rage left his house displeas'd, / And so in post is hurried to the camp: / It sads me much; to expel which melancholy, / I have sent for company.

Etymology 2

Noun

sad (plural sads)

1. Alternative form of saad (“Arabic letter”)

Anagrams

• ADS, ADs, ASD, AdS, Ads, DA's, DAS, DAs, DSA, SDA, ads, das

Cebuano

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: sad

Adverb

sad

1. (focus) also; too
2. (after a negative) either

Czech

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *sad?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?sat]

Noun

sad m

1. orchard

Declension

Derived terms

• sada? m
• sadový

Further reading

• sad in P?íru?ní slovník jazyka ?eského, 1935–1957
• sad in Slovník spisovného jazyka ?eského, 1960–1971, 1989

Danish

Verb

sad

1. past tense of sidde

Gothic

Romanization

sad

1. Romanization of ????????????

Livonian

Alternative forms

• (Courland) sa'd

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sadek.

Noun

sad

1. precipitation (hail, rain, snow)

Lower Sorbian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *sad? (“plant, garden”). Cognate with Upper Sorbian sad, Polish sad (“orchard”), Czech sad (“orchard”), Russian ??? (sad, “orchard, garden”), Old Church Slavonic ???? (sad?, “plant, garden”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sat]

Noun

sad m

1. fruit (food)

Declension

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *sadaz, from Proto-Indo-European *seh?- (“to satiate, satisfy”).

Adjective

sad (comparative sadoro, superlative sadost)

1. full, sated, satiated
2. weary

Declension

Descendants

• Middle Low German sat

Polish

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *sad?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sat/

Noun

sad m inan (diminutive sadek)

1. orchard

Declension

Related terms

• (noun) sadownik
• (adjective) sadowy

Related terms

• (verb) sadzi?

Further reading

• sad in Wielki s?ownik j?zyka polskiego, Instytut J?zyka Polskiego PAN
• sad in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Scots

Etymology

From Old English sæd.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /s?d/

Adjective

sad (comparative sadder, superlative saddest)

1. grave, serious
2. strange, remarkable
3. sad

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *s?da, *s?goda.

Alternative forms

• s?da

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sâd/

Adverb

s?d (Cyrillic spelling ????)

1. now
2. currently
3. presently

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *saditi (“to plant”). Compare Serbo-Croatian saditi and Russian ??? (sad)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sâ?d/

Noun

s?d m (Cyrillic spelling ????)

1. plant nursery, plantation, orchard (specialized facility rather than a home garden)
2. a seeding or sapling from a plant nursery

Declension

References

• “sad” in Hrvatski jezi?ni portal
• “sad” in Hrvatski jezi?ni portal

Slovak

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *sad?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sad/, [sat]

Noun

sad m (genitive singular sadu, nominative plural sady, genitive plural sadov, declension pattern of dub)

1. garden, orchard, plantation

Declension

Derived terms

• sadový
• sadík

References

• sad in Slovak dictionaries at korpus.sk

Slovene

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sá?t/

Noun

s?d m inan

1. fruit

Inflection

Further reading

• “sad”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Wakhi

Etymology

Compare Tajik ??? (sad).

Numeral

sad

1. hundred