different between initiative vs referendum

English

Etymology

From French initiative, from Medieval Latin *initiativus (“serving to initiate”), from Late Latin initiare (“to begin, Latin initiate”), from Latin initium (“beginning”), from ineo (“enter, begin”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??n???t?v/
• Rhymes: -???t?v

Adjective

initiative (not comparable)

1. Serving to initiate; inceptive; initiatory; introductory; preliminary.
2. In which voter initiatives can be brought to the ballot.
   • a. 2008, John G. Matsusaka, "Direct Democracy and the Executive Branch", in, 2008, Shaun Bowler and Amihai Glazer, editors, Direct Democracy's Impact on American Political Institutions, Palgrave Macmillan, ?ISBN, page 122 [1]:

     The second row shows that initiative states fill more constitutional offices by election than noninitiative states, and the difference is statistically significant after controlling for region and population.

Antonyms

• noninitiative

Translations

Noun

initiative (countable and uncountable, plural initiatives)

1. A beginning; a first move.
2. A new development; a fresh approach to something; a new way of dealing with a problem.
3. The ability to act first or on one's own.
4. An issue to be voted on, brought to the ballot by a sufficient number of signatures from among the voting public.

Synonyms

• (issue to be voted on): direct initiative

Derived terms

• direct initiative

Related terms

Translations

Further reading

• initiative in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• initiative in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• initiative at OneLook Dictionary Search

French

Etymology

From *Medieval Latin initiativus (“serving to initiate”), from Late Latin initiare (“to begin, Latin initiate”), from Latin initium (“beginning”), from ineo (“enter, begin”).

Pronunciation

Noun

initiative f (plural initiatives)

1. initiative
   • Prendre l'initiative.

Derived terms

• syndicat d'initiative

Further reading

• “initiative” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

English

Etymology

From Latin referendum (“that which ought to be announced”), from refero (“I announce”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /???f????nd?m/

Noun

referendum (plural referenda or referendums)

1. (politics) A direct popular vote on a proposed law or constitutional amendment. The adposition on is usually used before the related subject of the vote.
   • 1975, Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau, Informational Bulletin

     In some cases, a referendum on the proposed bond issue must be held.

   • 2019, Nalini Mohabir, Renaming the Cook Islands would be a vital step towards true independence in the Guardian.

     Although the Cook Islands held a referendum in 1994, when voters rejected a name change, the yearning for a decolonised identity has not disappeared.

2. An action, choice, etc., which is perceived as passing judgment on another matter.

   My father is taking my decision on whether to go to university as a referendum on his performance as a parent, and it's very stressful.

Translations

See also

• plebiscite

Crimean Tatar

Etymology

From Latin referendum.

Noun

referendum

1. referendum (in sense: a direct popular vote on a proposed law or constitutional amendment).

Declension

References

• Mirjejev, V. A.; Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajins?ko-kryms?kotatars?kyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]?^[1], Simferopol: Dolya, ?ISBN

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?r?f?r?ndum]

Noun

referendum n

1. referendum (direct popular vote)

Related terms

• See oferta

Further reading

• referendum in P?íru?ní slovník jazyka ?eského, 1935–1957
• referendum in Slovník spisovného jazyka ?eského, 1960–1971, 1989

Danish

Etymology

From Latin referendum, the neuter gerundive of referre (“to refer”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /r?f?r?nd?m/, [??f???and??m]

Noun

referendum n (singular definite referendummet, plural indefinite referendummer or referenda)

1. referendum (direct popular vote on a proposed law)

Inflection

Synonyms

• folkeafstemning

Dutch

Pronunciation

Noun

referendum n (plural referenda or referendums, diminutive referendumpje n)

1. referendum

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?e.fe.???.d?m/, /?e.fe.???.d?m/

Noun

referendum m (plural referendums or referenda)

1. Alternative spelling of référendum

Italian

Noun

referendum m (invariable)

1. referendum

Derived terms

• referendario

Ladin

Noun

referendum m (plural referendums)

1. referendum

Latin

Participle

referendum

1. nominative neuter singular of referendus
2. accusative masculine singular of referendus
3. accusative neuter singular of referendus
4. vocative neuter singular of referendus

Maltese

Etymology

Ultimately from Latin referendum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /r?.f??r?n.dum/

Noun

referendum m (plural referenda or referendumijiet)

1. referendum

Related terms

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Latin referendum

Noun

referendum n (definite singular referendumet, indefinite plural referenda or referendumer, definite plural referendaene or referenduma or referendumene)

1. a referendum

Synonyms

• folkeavstemning

References

• “referendum” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “referendum” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin referendum

Noun

referendum n (definite singular referendumet, indefinite plural referendum, definite plural referenduma)

1. a referendum

Synonyms

• folkerøysting

References

• “referendum” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Polish

Etymology

From Latin referre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /r?.f??r?n.dum/

Noun

referendum n

1. (politics) referendum

   Synonym: plebiscyt

Declension

Derived terms

• (adjectives) referendalny, referendowy

Further reading

• referendum in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin referendum, French référendum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /re.fe?ren.dum/

Noun

referendum n (plural referendumuri)

1. referendum

Declension

Synonyms

• plebiscit

Related terms

• referendar

References

• referendum in DEX online - Dic?ionare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /refer?ndum/
• Hyphenation: re?fe?ren?dum

Noun

referèndum m (Cyrillic spelling ??????????)

1. referendum

Declension

Swedish

Noun

referendum

1. referendum (direct popular vote)

   Synonym: folkomröstning

Further reading

• referendum in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)