different between joint vs adjoint

English

Etymology

The noun is from Middle English joynt (attested since the late 13th century), from Old French joint (“joint of the body”) (attested since the 12th century). The adjective (attested since the 15th century) is from Old French jointiz. Both Old French words are from Latin i?nctus, the past participle of iung?. See also join, jugular.

The meaning of "building, establishment", especially in connection with shady activities, appeared in Anglo-Irish by 1821 and entered general American English slang by 1877, especially in the sense of "opium den". The sense "marijuana cigarette" is attested since 1935.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d???nt/
• Rhymes: -??nt

Adjective

joint (not comparable)

1. Done by two or more people or organisations working together.

   Synonyms: mutual, shared

Synonyms

• see also Thesaurus:joint

Derived terms

Translations

Noun

joint (plural joints)

1. The point where two components of a structure join, but are still able to rotate.

   Synonyms: hinge, pivot

2. The point where two components of a structure join rigidly.

3. (anatomy) Any part of the body where two bones join, in most cases allowing that part of the body to be bent or straightened.
4. The means of securing together the meeting surfaces of components of a structure.

5. A cut of meat.

6. The part or space included between two joints, knots, nodes, or articulations.

7. (geology) A fracture in which the strata are not offset; a geologic joint.
8. (chiefly US slang, somewhat derogatory) A place of business, particularly in the food service or hospitality industries.
   • 1996, Deirdre Purcell, Roses After Rain, p. 335:

     "...Where's the ladies' in this joint? I've to powder me nose."

   1. (slang, dated) A place of resort for tramps.
   2. (slang, US, dated) An opium den.
9. (slang, with the definite article) Prison.

10. (slang) A marijuana cigarette.

    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:marijuana cigarette

11. (slang, dated) A syringe used to inject an illicit drug.
    • 1954, Listen (volumes 7-10, page 131)

      Captain Jack McMahon, chief of Houston's police narcotics division, holds tools of the “junkie” trade, including “joints” (syringes), needles, heroin, milk sugar (used to cut pure heroin), spoons for heating a shot of heroin (mixed with water), […]

12. (US, slang) The penis.
    • 1957, Jack Kerouac, On the Road, New York: New American Library, Part 4, Chapter 1, p. 205,^[1]

      Inez called up Camille on the phone repeatedly and had long talks with her; they even talked about his joint, or so Dean claimed.

    • 1969, Philip Roth, Portnoy’s Complaint, New York: Vintage, 1994, “Cunt Crazy,” p. 158,^[2]

      There I was, going down at last on the star of all those pornographic films that I had been producing in my head since I first laid a hand upon my own joint . . .

    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:penis

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

joint (third-person singular simple present joints, present participle jointing, simple past and past participle jointed)

1. (transitive) To unite by a joint or joints; to fit together; to prepare so as to fit together

   • Pierced through the yielding planks of jointed wood.
2. (transitive) To join; to connect; to unite; to combine.
3. (transitive) To provide with a joint or joints; to articulate.

   • The fingers are […] jointed together for motion.

4. (transitive) To separate the joints; of; to divide at the joint or joints; to disjoint; to cut up into joints, as meat.

   • He joints the neck.

   • 1603, Philemon Holland (translator), The Philosophie, commonly called, the Morals (originally by Plutarch)

     Quartering, jointing, seething, and rosting.

5. (intransitive) To fit as if by joints; to coalesce as joints do.

Translations

References

• joint in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.

Afrikaans

Etymology

Borrowed from English joint.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d??i?nt/

Noun

joint (plural joints)

1. (slang) joint, marijuana cigarette

   Synonyms: daggazol, zol

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from English joint.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d??i?nt/, /d?o?i?nt/
• Hyphenation: joint

Noun

joint m (plural joints, diminutive jointje n)

1. joint, marijuana cigarette (generally larger than a stickie)

   Synonyms: jonko, stickie, wietsigaret

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?w??/
• Homophones: joins, joints

Etymology 1

See the etymology of the main entry.

Verb

joint m (feminine singular jointe, masculine plural joints, feminine plural jointes)

1. past participle of joindre

Etymology 2

From the past participle of the verb joindre, or from Latin i?nctus.

Noun

joint m (plural joints)

1. seal

Derived terms

• jointer

Etymology 3

Borrowed from English joint.

Noun

joint m (plural joints)

1. (informal) joint, spliff (marijuana cigarette)

Further reading

• “joint” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Middle French

Verb

joint m (feminine singular jointe, masculine plural joins, feminine plural jointes)

1. past participle of joindre

Old French

Etymology

Past participle of joindre, corresponding to Latin i?nctus.

Noun

joint m (oblique plural joinz or jointz, nominative singular joinz or jointz, nominative plural joint)

1. join; place where two elements are joined together

Verb

joint

1. past participle of joindre

Polish

Etymology

From English joint, from Middle English joynt, from Old French joint.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d???jnt/

Noun

joint m inan

1. (slang) joint (marijuana cigarette)

   Synonyms: blant, skr?t

Declension

Further reading

• joint in Wielki s?ownik j?zyka polskiego, Instytut J?zyka Polskiego PAN
• joint in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from English joint.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d??ojnt/

Noun

joint n (plural jointuri)

1. joint (bar)
2. joint (marijuana cigarette)

Declension

Swedish

Pronunciation

• (Sweden) IPA^(key): /j??nt/, /d???nt/

Noun

joint c

1. a joint, a marijuana cigarette

Declension

English

Etymology

From French adjoindre (“to join”), from late 19th C; see also adjoin. Doublet of adjunct.

In the case of category theory (which brings together concepts from numerous fields), the term is often confounded with adjunct and the relationship is called an adjunction. The origin of any particular usage may therefore be uncertain.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?æd?.??nt/

Adjective

adjoint (not comparable)

1. (mathematics) Used in certain contexts, in each case involving a pair of transformations, one of which is, or is analogous to, conjugation (either inner automorphism or complex conjugation).
2. (mathematics, category theory, of a functor) That is related to another functor by an adjunction.
3. (geometry, of one curve to another curve) Having a relationship of the nature of an adjoint (adjoint curve); sharing multiple points with.
   • 1933, H. F. Baker, Principles of Geometry, 2010, Volume 5, page 103,

     The sets A + A₀, B + B₀, together, form the complete intersection, with f = 0, of a composite adjoint curve of order m + k, consisting of the adjoint curve of order m through A + B, together with the non-adjoint curve ? = 0; and the set B + B₀ consists of p points, and lies on i + j adjoint ?-curves of f = 0.

   • 1963, Julian Lowell Coolidge, A History of Geometrical Methods, page 205,

     As we have stated before, a curve ${\displaystyle f'}$ is adjoint to a curve ${\displaystyle f}$ if it have at least the multiplicity ${\displaystyle r_{i}-1}$ at each point where ${\displaystyle f}$ has the multiplicity ${\displaystyle r_{i}}$. A first polar ${\displaystyle \sum _{i}y_{i}\left(\partial f/\partial x_{i}\right)=0}$ is an example of an adjoint curve.

   • 2016, Eugene Wachspress, Rational Bases and Generalized Barycentrics: Applications to Finite Elements and Graphics, page 216,

     This imposes n(n - 3)/2 conditions on the n-gon adjoint curve.

Usage notes

The adjoint operator, or Hermitian transpose, of an operator generalises the concept of transpose conjugate of a matrix. (See Hermitian adjoint on Wikipedia.Wikipedia )

In the case of an adjoint representation of a Lie group, the representation in question describes the group's elements as linear transformations of its Lie algebra, itself considered as a vector space. The representation is obtained by differentiating ("linearising") the group action of conjugation (i.e., differentiating the function x ? gxg^-1 for each element g).

The adjoint representation of a Lie algebra is the differential of the adjoint representation of a Lie group at the identity element of the group.

In relation to functors in category theory (and therefore in numerous fields of mathematics), the term is often synonymous with adjunct and the functors are said to be related by an adjunction. Functors may be left or right adjoint (adjunct).

Synonyms

• (mathematics): adjunct (in certain contexts)

Derived terms

Related terms

• adjunction (noun)
• coadjoint
• self-adjoint
• sub-adjoint

Translations

Noun

adjoint (plural adjoints)

1. (mathematics) The transpose of the cofactor matrix of a given square matrix.
2. (mathematics, linear algebra, of a matrix) Transpose conjugate.
3. (mathematics, mathematical analysis, of an operator) Hermitian conjugate.
4. (mathematics, category theory) A functor related to another functor by an adjunction.
5. (geometry, algebraic geometry) A curve A such that any point of a given curve C of multiplicity r has multiplicity at least r–1 on A. Sometimes the multiple points of C are required to be ordinary, and if this condition is not satisfied the term sub-adjoint is used.
6. An assistant to someone who holds a position in the military or civil service.
7. An assistant mayor of a French commune.

Derived terms

Translations

References

• Adjoint on Wolfram MathWorld

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ad.?w??/

Noun

adjoint m (plural adjoints)

1. deputy, assistant
2. (linguistics) adjunct

Verb

adjoint m (feminine singular adjointe, masculine plural adjoints, feminine plural adjointes)

1. past participle of adjoindre

Further reading

• “adjoint” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).