different between mast vs castle

English

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: mäst, IPA^(key): /m??st/
• (US, Canada, Northern England) IPA^(key): /mæst/
• Homophone: massed (/mæst/)
• Rhymes: -??st, -æst
• Rhymes: -æst

Etymology 1

From Middle English mast, from Old English mæst (“mast”), from Proto-Germanic *mastaz (“mast, sail-pole”), from Proto-Indo-European *mazdos (“pole, mast”). Cognate with Dutch mast, German Mast, and via Indo-European with Latin m?lus, Russian ????? (móst, “bridge”), Irish adhmad.

Noun

mast (plural masts)

1. (nautical, communication) A tall, slim post or tower, usually tapering upward, used to support, for example, sails on a ship, flags, floodlights, meteorological instruments, or communications equipment, such as an aerial, usually supported by guy-wires. [from 9th c.]
2. (naval) A non-judicial punishment ("NJP"); a disciplinary hearing under which a commanding officer studies and disposes of cases involving those under his command. [from 17th c.]

Hyponyms

• (tall, slim post to support the sails on a ship): foremast, mainmast, mizzenmast, topmast

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

mast (third-person singular simple present masts, present participle masting, simple past and past participle masted)

1. To supply and fit a mast to (a ship). [from 16th c.]

Translations

See also

Etymology 2

From Old English mæst (“fallen nuts, food for swine”), mæsten (“to fatten, feed”), from West Germanic; probably related to meat.

Noun

mast (plural masts)

1. The fruit of forest-trees (beech, oak, chestnut, pecan, etc.), especially if having fallen from the tree, used as fodder for pigs and other animals. [from 10th c.]
   • c. 1609, George Chapman, Homer, Prince of Poets [translation of Odyssey]:

     She shut them straight in sties, and gave them meat: / Oak-mast, and beech, and cornel fruit, they eat,

   • 1715, Robert South, "A Sermon upon Prov. i.32", Twelve sermons preached at several times, and upon several occasions, page 73:

     they feed and grovel like Swine under an Oak, filling themselves with the Mast, but never so much as looking up

   • 1955, Robin Jenkins, The Cone-Gatherers, Canongate 2012, page 162:

     He […] would begin to pick up the seed-cases or mast, squeeze each one with his fingers to see if it were fertile, and drop it if it were not.

Derived terms

• mastless

Translations

Verb

mast (third-person singular simple present masts, present participle masting, simple past and past participle masted)

1. (of swine and other animals) To feed on forest seed or fruit.
2. (agriculture, forestry, ecology, of a population of plants) To produce a very large quantity of fruit or seed in certain years but not others.

Etymology 3

From French masse, with -t probably after Etymology 1, above.

Noun

mast (plural masts)

1. (obsolete, billiards) A type of heavy cue, with the broad end of which one strikes the ball. [18th–19th c.]
   • 1751, Tobias Smollett, The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle, vol. II, ch. 74:

     Godfrey thus conquered, pretended to lose his temper, curs'd his own ill luck, swore that the table had a cast, and that the balls did not run true, changed his mast, and with great warmth challenged his enemy to double his sum.

Related terms

• mast cell

Anagrams

• AMTs, ASTM, ATMs, MTAs, Mats, Stam, amts, mats, stam, tams

Czech

Etymology

From Old Czech mast, from Proto-Slavic *mast?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?mast]
• Hyphenation: mast
• Rhymes: -ast

Noun

mast f

1. ointment

Declension

Derived terms

• masti?ka f

Related terms

• mastit
• mastný
• mastnota

Further reading

• mast in P?íru?ní slovník jazyka ?eského, 1935–1957
• mast in Slovník spisovného jazyka ?eského, 1960–1971, 1989

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /m?st/
• Hyphenation: mast
• Rhymes: -?st

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch mast, from Old Dutch *mast, from Proto-Germanic *mastaz.

Noun

mast m (plural masten, diminutive mastje n)

1. mast (pole on a ship, to which sails can be rigged)

Derived terms

Descendants

• Afrikaans: mas
• ? Japanese: ???

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch mast.

Noun

mast m (plural masten, diminutive mastje n)

1. mast, fodder for pigs or other animals made up of acorns and beechnuts.

Anagrams

• stam, tams

Estonian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?m?s?t/

Etymology

From either Middle Low German mast or German Mast.

Noun

mast (genitive masti, partitive masti)

1. mast
2. (card games) suit
3. (poker) flush

Declension

Compounds

• mastirida

Descendants

• ? Ingrian: masti

Middle English

Adjective

mast

1. Alternative form of mased

Middle French

Etymology

Old French mast

Noun

mast m (plural masts)

1. mast (structure found on watercraft)

Descendants

• French: mât

Northern Kurdish

Noun

mast m

1. yoghurt

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Middle Low German mast (“mast”).

Noun

mast f or m (definite singular masta or masten, indefinite plural master, definite plural mastene)

1. mast

Synonyms

• stang

Derived terms

• fokkemast
• stormast
• radiomast
• lysmast

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

• masa, maset

Verb

mast

1. past participle of mase

References

• “mast” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• master (non-standard since 2012)

Etymology

From Middle Low German mast.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /m?st/ (example of pronunciation)

Noun

mast f (definite singular masta, indefinite plural master, definite plural mastene)

1. mast

References

• “mast” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Czech

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *mast?.

Noun

mast f

1. ointment

Declension

Related terms

• mazati
• mastný
• mastnost

Descendants

• Czech: mast

Further reading

• “mast”, in Vokabulá? webový: webové hnízdo pramen? k poznání historické ?eštiny [online]?^[1], Praha: Ústav pro jazyk ?eský AV ?R, 2006–2020

Old French

Alternative forms

• maste

Etymology

Borrowed from Frankish *mast.

Noun

mast m (oblique plural maz or matz, nominative singular maz or matz, nominative plural mast)

1. mast (structure found on watercraft)

Descendants

• Middle French: mast
  • French: mât
• Norman: mât
• ? Spanish: maste
  • ? Spanish: mástel (spelling influenced by árbol)
    • ? Spanish: mástil
• ? Old Portuguese: masto, maste
  • Portuguese: mastro, (archaic) masto
    • ? Portuguese: mastaréu

Old Frisian

Alternative forms

• m?st

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *maist, *maistaz. Cognates include Old English m?st and Old Saxon m?st.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ma?st/

Adjective

m?st

1. superlative degree of gr?t

Adverb

m?st

1. most

Descendants

• Saterland Frisian: maast
• West Frisian: meast

References

• Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, ?ISBN, page 28

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *mast? (Russian ????? (mast?), Polish ma??). Compare mazati.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mâ?st/

Noun

m?st f (Cyrillic spelling ?????)

1. grease
2. ointment
3. fat
4. lard
5. schmaltz

Declension

References

• “mast” in Hrvatski jezi?ni portal

Swedish

Etymology

From Middle Low German mast, from Old Saxon *mast, from Proto-West Germanic *mast.

Noun

mast c

1. mast, tall slim structure

Declension

Anagrams

• Mats, mats, samt, stam

Zazaki

Noun

mast n

1. yoghurt (a milk-based product thickened by a bacterium-aided curdling process)

Synonyms

• most
• mhost

English

Etymology

From Middle English castle, castel, from late Old English castel, castell (“a town, village, castle”), borrowed from Late Latin castellum (“small camp, fort”), diminutive of Latin castrum (“camp, fort, citadel, stronghold”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“hut, shed”). Doublet of castell, castellum, and château. Parallel borrowings (from Late Latin or Old French) are Scots castel, castell (“castle”), West Frisian kastiel (“castle”), Dutch kasteel (“castle”), German Kastell (“castle”), Danish kastel (“citadel”), Swedish kastell (“citadel”), Icelandic kastali (“castle”), Welsh castell. The Middle English word was reinforced by Anglo-Norman/Old Northern French castel, itself from Late Latin castellum (“small camp, fort”) (compare modern French château from Old French chastel). If Latin castrum (“camp, fort, citadel, stronghold”) is from Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“hut, shed”), Latin casa (“cottage, hut”) is related. Possibly related also to Gothic ???????????????????? (h?þj?, “chamber”), Old English heaþor (“restraint, confinement, enclosure, prison”). See also casino, cassock.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: käs'(?)l, IPA^(key): /?k??s?l/, /k??sl?/
• Rhymes: -??s?l
• (US, Canada, Northern England) enPR: k?s'(?)l, IPA^(key): /?kæs?l/, /kæsl?/
• Rhymes: -æs?l

Noun

castle (plural castles)

1. A large building that is fortified and contains many defences; in previous ages often inhabited by a nobleman or king.
2. (chess) An instance of castling.
3. (chess, informal) A rook; a chess piece shaped like a castle tower.
4. (shogi) A defense structure in shogi formed by defensive pieces surrounding the king.
5. (obsolete) A close helmet.
6. (dated) Any strong, imposing, and stately mansion.
7. (dated) A small tower, as on a ship, or an elephant's back.
8. (cricket, colloquial) The wicket.
   • 1966, Gurdeep Singh, Cricket in Northern India (page 59)

     Nay, he was quite an adept, and was very effective as a change bowler, for in no time he demolished the castle of any batsman.

Usage notes

For the chess piece, chess players prefer the term rook.

Synonyms

• (building): fortress

Hyponyms

• (building): keep, motte and bailey

Coordinate terms

• (building): castellan (overseer); castellate, castellany (domain); incastle, castellate, incastellate (to make into a castle); castellate, castellated, incastled, incastellated (castle-like)

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

See also

• Appendix:Chess pieces

Verb

castle (third-person singular simple present castles, present participle castling, simple past and past participle castled)

1. (transitive) To house or keep in a castle.
   • 1611, John Florio, Queen Anna's New World of Words, s.v. "Castellare":

     ...to encastle, to Castle.

   • 1871, Robert Browning, "Prince Hohenstiel-Schwangau, Saviour of Society", 116:

     ...Some fierce tribe, castled on the mountain-peak...

2. (transitive, figuratively) To protect or separate in a similar way.
   • 1655, William Gurnall, The Christian in Compleat Armour, 1st Pt., 32:

     Castle me in the armes of thy everlasting strength.

3. (obsolete) To make into a castle: to build in the form of a castle or add (real or imitation) battlements to an existing building.
   • c. 1386, Geoffrey Chaucer, Canterbury Tales, "The Parson's Tale":

     ...Bake metes and dish metes... peynted and castelled with papir...

4. (usually intransitive, chess) To move the king 2 squares right or left and, in the same turn, the nearest rook to the far side of the king. The move now has special rules: the king cannot be in, go through, or end in check; the squares between the king and rook must be vacant; and neither piece may have been moved before castling.
   • 1656, Francis Beale translating Gioachino Greco as The Royall Game of Chesse-Play, Being the Study of Biochimo, p. 8:

     He [i.e., the king] may change (or Castle) with this Rooke, that is, he may goe two draughts at once towards this Rooke... causing the Rooke to stand next to him on either side.

   • 1835, William Lewis, Chess for Beginners, Ch. 5, p. 24:

     No. 24. ¶ If your adversary make a false move, castle improperly, &c., you must take notice of such irregularity before you move, or even touch a piece, or you are no longer allowed to inflict any penalties.

5. (usually intransitive, shogi) To create a similar defensive position in Japanese chess through several moves.
6. (cricket) To bowl a batsman with a full-length ball or yorker such that the stumps are knocked over.
   • 2009, BBC Sport, "Lightning Bolt Blows Over Gayle":

     And the 23-year-old brought the crowd to their feet when he castled Gayle's stumps, signalling the direction of the pavilion to his friend for good measure.

   • 2011, Firdose Moonda, ESPNcricinfo, "A Day for Missed Hat-tricks":

     He bowled Vinay with a full, straight ball that castled off stump and then dished up a yorker that RP Singh backed away to and sent onto his stumps.

Synonyms

• (to house in a castle): castellate, incastellate
• (to make into a castle): See fortify

Derived terms

• castle up, castle short, castle long

Translations

Anagrams

• CELTAs, Castel, cleats, eclats, sclate, éclats

Middle English

Noun

castle

1. Alternative form of castel