different between mast vs pale

English

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: mäst, IPA^(key): /m??st/
• (US, Canada, Northern England) IPA^(key): /mæst/
• Homophone: massed (/mæst/)
• Rhymes: -??st, -æst
• Rhymes: -æst

Etymology 1

From Middle English mast, from Old English mæst (“mast”), from Proto-Germanic *mastaz (“mast, sail-pole”), from Proto-Indo-European *mazdos (“pole, mast”). Cognate with Dutch mast, German Mast, and via Indo-European with Latin m?lus, Russian ????? (móst, “bridge”), Irish adhmad.

Noun

mast (plural masts)

1. (nautical, communication) A tall, slim post or tower, usually tapering upward, used to support, for example, sails on a ship, flags, floodlights, meteorological instruments, or communications equipment, such as an aerial, usually supported by guy-wires. [from 9th c.]
2. (naval) A non-judicial punishment ("NJP"); a disciplinary hearing under which a commanding officer studies and disposes of cases involving those under his command. [from 17th c.]

Hyponyms

• (tall, slim post to support the sails on a ship): foremast, mainmast, mizzenmast, topmast

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

mast (third-person singular simple present masts, present participle masting, simple past and past participle masted)

1. To supply and fit a mast to (a ship). [from 16th c.]

Translations

See also

Etymology 2

From Old English mæst (“fallen nuts, food for swine”), mæsten (“to fatten, feed”), from West Germanic; probably related to meat.

Noun

mast (plural masts)

1. The fruit of forest-trees (beech, oak, chestnut, pecan, etc.), especially if having fallen from the tree, used as fodder for pigs and other animals. [from 10th c.]
   • c. 1609, George Chapman, Homer, Prince of Poets [translation of Odyssey]:

     She shut them straight in sties, and gave them meat: / Oak-mast, and beech, and cornel fruit, they eat,

   • 1715, Robert South, "A Sermon upon Prov. i.32", Twelve sermons preached at several times, and upon several occasions, page 73:

     they feed and grovel like Swine under an Oak, filling themselves with the Mast, but never so much as looking up

   • 1955, Robin Jenkins, The Cone-Gatherers, Canongate 2012, page 162:

     He […] would begin to pick up the seed-cases or mast, squeeze each one with his fingers to see if it were fertile, and drop it if it were not.

Derived terms

• mastless

Translations

Verb

mast (third-person singular simple present masts, present participle masting, simple past and past participle masted)

1. (of swine and other animals) To feed on forest seed or fruit.
2. (agriculture, forestry, ecology, of a population of plants) To produce a very large quantity of fruit or seed in certain years but not others.

Etymology 3

From French masse, with -t probably after Etymology 1, above.

Noun

mast (plural masts)

1. (obsolete, billiards) A type of heavy cue, with the broad end of which one strikes the ball. [18th–19th c.]
   • 1751, Tobias Smollett, The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle, vol. II, ch. 74:

     Godfrey thus conquered, pretended to lose his temper, curs'd his own ill luck, swore that the table had a cast, and that the balls did not run true, changed his mast, and with great warmth challenged his enemy to double his sum.

Related terms

• mast cell

Anagrams

• AMTs, ASTM, ATMs, MTAs, Mats, Stam, amts, mats, stam, tams

Czech

Etymology

From Old Czech mast, from Proto-Slavic *mast?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?mast]
• Hyphenation: mast
• Rhymes: -ast

Noun

mast f

1. ointment

Declension

Derived terms

• masti?ka f

Related terms

• mastit
• mastný
• mastnota

Further reading

• mast in P?íru?ní slovník jazyka ?eského, 1935–1957
• mast in Slovník spisovného jazyka ?eského, 1960–1971, 1989

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /m?st/
• Hyphenation: mast
• Rhymes: -?st

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch mast, from Old Dutch *mast, from Proto-Germanic *mastaz.

Noun

mast m (plural masten, diminutive mastje n)

1. mast (pole on a ship, to which sails can be rigged)

Derived terms

Descendants

• Afrikaans: mas
• ? Japanese: ???

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch mast.

Noun

mast m (plural masten, diminutive mastje n)

1. mast, fodder for pigs or other animals made up of acorns and beechnuts.

Anagrams

• stam, tams

Estonian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?m?s?t/

Etymology

From either Middle Low German mast or German Mast.

Noun

mast (genitive masti, partitive masti)

1. mast
2. (card games) suit
3. (poker) flush

Declension

Compounds

• mastirida

Descendants

• ? Ingrian: masti

Middle English

Adjective

mast

1. Alternative form of mased

Middle French

Etymology

Old French mast

Noun

mast m (plural masts)

1. mast (structure found on watercraft)

Descendants

• French: mât

Northern Kurdish

Noun

mast m

1. yoghurt

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Middle Low German mast (“mast”).

Noun

mast f or m (definite singular masta or masten, indefinite plural master, definite plural mastene)

1. mast

Synonyms

• stang

Derived terms

• fokkemast
• stormast
• radiomast
• lysmast

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

• masa, maset

Verb

mast

1. past participle of mase

References

• “mast” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• master (non-standard since 2012)

Etymology

From Middle Low German mast.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /m?st/ (example of pronunciation)

Noun

mast f (definite singular masta, indefinite plural master, definite plural mastene)

1. mast

References

• “mast” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Czech

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *mast?.

Noun

mast f

1. ointment

Declension

Related terms

• mazati
• mastný
• mastnost

Descendants

• Czech: mast

Further reading

• “mast”, in Vokabulá? webový: webové hnízdo pramen? k poznání historické ?eštiny [online]?^[1], Praha: Ústav pro jazyk ?eský AV ?R, 2006–2020

Old French

Alternative forms

• maste

Etymology

Borrowed from Frankish *mast.

Noun

mast m (oblique plural maz or matz, nominative singular maz or matz, nominative plural mast)

1. mast (structure found on watercraft)

Descendants

• Middle French: mast
  • French: mât
• Norman: mât
• ? Spanish: maste
  • ? Spanish: mástel (spelling influenced by árbol)
    • ? Spanish: mástil
• ? Old Portuguese: masto, maste
  • Portuguese: mastro, (archaic) masto
    • ? Portuguese: mastaréu

Old Frisian

Alternative forms

• m?st

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *maist, *maistaz. Cognates include Old English m?st and Old Saxon m?st.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ma?st/

Adjective

m?st

1. superlative degree of gr?t

Adverb

m?st

1. most

Descendants

• Saterland Frisian: maast
• West Frisian: meast

References

• Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, ?ISBN, page 28

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *mast? (Russian ????? (mast?), Polish ma??). Compare mazati.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mâ?st/

Noun

m?st f (Cyrillic spelling ?????)

1. grease
2. ointment
3. fat
4. lard
5. schmaltz

Declension

References

• “mast” in Hrvatski jezi?ni portal

Swedish

Etymology

From Middle Low German mast, from Old Saxon *mast, from Proto-West Germanic *mast.

Noun

mast c

1. mast, tall slim structure

Declension

Anagrams

• Mats, mats, samt, stam

Zazaki

Noun

mast n

1. yoghurt (a milk-based product thickened by a bacterium-aided curdling process)

Synonyms

• most
• mhost

English

Pronunciation

• enPR: p?l, IPA^(key): /pe?l/
  • IPA^(key): [p?e???], [p?e??]
• (US)
• Rhymes: -e?l
• Homophone: pail

Etymology 1

From Middle English pale, from Old French pale, from Latin pallidus (“pale, pallid”). Doublet of pallid.

Adjective

pale (comparative paler, superlative palest)

1. Light in color.

   • “Heavens!” exclaimed Nina, “the blue-stocking and the fogy!—and yours are pale blue, Eileen!—you’re about as self-conscious as Drina—slumping there with your hair tumbling à la Mérode! Oh, it's very picturesque, of course, but a straight spine and good grooming is better. […]”

2. (of human skin) Having a pallor (a light color, especially due to sickness, shock, fright etc.).
3. Feeble, faint.

   He is but a pale shadow of his former self.

Synonyms

• (human skin): See also Thesaurus:pallid

Derived terms

• pale thrush

Translations

Verb

pale (third-person singular simple present pales, present participle paling, simple past and past participle paled)

1. (intransitive) To turn pale; to lose colour.
2. (intransitive) To become insignificant.
   • 12 July 2012, Sam Adams, AV Club Ice Age: Continental Drift

     The matter of whether the world needs a fourth Ice Age movie pales beside the question of why there were three before it, but Continental Drift feels less like an extension of a theatrical franchise than an episode of a middling TV cartoon, lolling around on territory that’s already been settled.

3. (transitive) To make pale; to diminish the brightness of.

Derived terms

• pale in comparison

Translations

Noun

pale

1. (obsolete) Paleness; pallor.
   • 1593, William Shakespeare, Venus and Adonis, lines 589–592:

     The boare (quoth ?he) whereat a ?uddain pale, / Like lawne being ?pred vpon the blu?hing ro?e, / V?urpes her cheeke, ?he trembles at his tale, / And on his neck her yoaking armes ?he throwes.

Etymology 2

From Middle English pale, pal, borrowed from Old French pal, from Latin p?lus (“stake, prop”). English inherited the word pole (or, rather Old English p?l) from a much older Proto-Germanic borrowing of the same Latin word.

Doublet of peel and pole.

Noun

pale (plural pales)

1. A wooden stake; a picket.
   • 1707, John Mortimer, The Whole Art of Husbandry, London: H. Mortlock & J. Robinson, 2nd edition, 1708, Chapter 1, pp. 11-12,^[4]

     […] if you de?ign it a Fence to keep in Deer, at every eight or ten Foot di?tance, ?et a Po?t with a Mortice in it to ?tand a little ?loping over the ?ide of the Bank about two Foot high; and into the Mortices put a Rail […] and no Deer will go over it, nor can they creep through it, as they do often, when a Pale tumbles down.

2. (archaic) Fence made from wooden stake; palisade.
   • c. 1591, William Shakespeare, Henry VI, Part 1, Act IV, Scene 2,^[5]

     How are we park’d and bounded in a pale,

     A little herd of England’s timorous deer,

     Mazed with a yelping kennel of French curs!

   • 1615, Ralph Hamor, A True Discourse of the Present Estate of Virginia, London: William Welby, p. 13,^[6]

     Fourthly, they ?hall not vpon any occa?ion what?oeuer breake downe any of our pales, or come into any of our Townes or forts by any other waies, i??ues or ports then ordinary [...].

3. (by extension) Limits, bounds (especially before of).
   • 1645, John Milton, Il Penseroso, in The Poetical Works of Milton, volume II, Edinburgh: Sands, Murray, and Cochran, published 1755, p. 151, lines 155–160:^[7]

     But let my due feet never fail, / To walk the ?tudious cloy?ters pale, / And love the high embowed roof, / With antic pillars ma??y proof, / And ?toried windows richly dight, / Ca?ting a dim religious light.

   • 1900, Jack London, Son of the Wolf:The Wisdom of the Trail:

     Men so situated, beyond the pale of the honor and the law, are not to be trusted.

   • 1919, B. G. Jefferis and J. L. Nichols, Searchlights on Health:When and Whom to Marry:

     All things considered, we advise the male reader to keep his desires in check till he is at least twenty-five, and the female not to enter the pale of wedlock until she has attained the age of twenty.

4. The bounds of morality, good behaviour or judgment in civilized company, in the phrase beyond the pale.
   • 2016 October 19, Jeff Flake, on Twitter:

     .@realDonaldTrump saying that he might not accept election results is beyond the pale.

5. (heraldry) A vertical band down the middle of a shield.
6. (archaic) A territory or defensive area within a specific boundary or under a given jurisdiction.
   1. (historical) The parts of Ireland under English jurisdiction.
   2. (historical) The territory around Calais under English control (from the 14th to 16th centuries).
      • 2009, Hilary Mantel, Wolf Hall, Fourth Estate 2010, p. 402:

        He knows the fortifications – crumbling – and beyond the city walls the lands of the Pale, its woods, villages and marshes, its sluices, dykes and canals.

      • 2011, Thomas Penn, Winter King, Penguin 2012, p. 73:

        A low-lying, marshy enclave stretching eighteen miles along the coast and pushing some eight to ten miles inland, the Pale of Calais nestled between French Picardy to the west and, to the east, the imperial-dominated territories of Flanders.

   3. (historical) A portion of Russia in which Jews were permitted to live.
7. (archaic) The jurisdiction (territorial or otherwise) of an authority.
8. A cheese scoop.
9. A shore for bracing a timber before it is fastened.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Spencer to this entry?)

Translations

Verb

pale (third-person singular simple present pales, present participle paling, simple past and past participle paled)

1. To enclose with pales, or as if with pales; to encircle or encompass; to fence off.
   • c. 1609, William Shakespeare, Cymbeline, Act III, Scene 1,^[8]

     […] your i?le, which ?tands / As Neptunes Parke, ribb’d, and pal’d in / With Oakes vn?kaleable, and roaring Waters, / With Sands that will not bear your Enemies Boates, / But ?uck them vp to th’ Top-ma?t.

Related terms

• impale
• palisade
• pallescent

References

Anagrams

• Alep, LEAP, Lape, Leap, Peal, e-pal, leap, peal, pela, plea

Afrikaans

Noun

pale

1. plural of paal

Estonian

Noun

pale (genitive [please provide], partitive [please provide])

1. cheek

Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

French

Etymology

From Latin p?la (“shovel, spade”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pal/
• Homophone: pâle (chiefly France)

Noun

pale f (plural pales)

1. blade (of a propeller etc)
2. vane (of a windmill etc)

Further reading

• “pale” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Anagrams

• Alep, lape, lapé, pela

Haitian Creole

Etymology

From French parler (“talk, speak”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pa.le/

Verb

pale

1. to talk, to speak

Italian

Noun

pale f

1. plural of pala

Anagrams

• alpe, pela

Jakaltek

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish padre (“father”).

Noun

pale

1. priest

References

• Church, Clarence; Church, Katherine (1955) Vocabulario castellano-jacalteco, jacalteco-castellano?^[10] (in Spanish), Guatemala C. A.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, pages 17; 39

Latin

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ???? (pál?).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?pa.le?/, [?pä??e?]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?pa.le/, [?p??l?]

Noun

pal? f (genitive pal?s); first declension

1. a wrestling

Declension

First-declension noun (Greek-type).

Etymology 2

Noun

p?le

1. vocative singular of p?lus

References

• pale in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• pale in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• pale in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• pale in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly

Lindu

Noun

pale

1. (anatomy) hand

Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?pal?/, [?pal?]

Participle

pale

1. third-person plural present of pali?

Norman

Etymology

From Old French pale, from Latin pallidus (“pale, pallid”).

Adjective

pale m or f

1. (Jersey) pale

Synonyms

• bliême

Northern Kurdish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /p???l?/

Noun

pale ?

1. worker

Norwegian Bokmål

Noun

pale n (definite singular paleet, indefinite plural pale or paleer, definite plural palea or paleene)

1. alternative spelling of palé

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

pale n (definite singular paleet, indefinite plural pale, definite plural palea)

1. alternative spelling of palé

Old French

Alternative forms

• pasle
• paule

Etymology

From Latin pallidus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?pa.l?/

Adjective

pale m (oblique and nominative feminine singular pale)

1. pale, whitish or having little color

Descendants

• English: pale
• French: pâle
• Norman: pale (Jersey)

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?pa.l?/
• Homophone: pal?

Noun

pale m

1. nominative/accusative/vocative plural of pal

Noun

pale m

1. locative/vocative singular of pa?

Noun

pale f

1. dative/locative singular of pa?a

Further reading

• pale in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Serbo-Croatian

Verb

pale (Cyrillic spelling ????)

1. third-person plural present of paliti

Swahili

Pronunciation

Adjective

pale

1. Pa class inflected form of -le.