different between prion vs prior
prion
English
Etymology 1
From (a reordering of) the initial letters of proteinaceous infectious particle. Coined in 1982 by Stanley B. Prusiner.
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /?p?i??n/, /?p?a??n/
Noun
prion (plural prions)
- (molecular biology) A self-propagating misfolded conformer of a protein that is responsible for a number of diseases that affect the brain and other neural tissue.
- 1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial 2004, p. 277:
- Prions retain deep mysteries, the foremost of which is what on earth they exist for.
- 1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial 2004, p. 277:
Derived terms
- prion disease
Translations
Etymology 2
From Prion (former genus name), from Ancient Greek ????? (prí?n, “saw”).
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /?p????n/
Noun
prion (plural prions)
- A petrel of the genus Pachyptila.
Synonyms
- (petrel of the genus Pachyptila): pachyptile (rare)
Translations
See also
- bovine spongiform encephalopathy
- Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
- kuru
- mad cow disease
- New Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
- scrapie
- viroid
Anagrams
- Ripon, orpin, ponir, porin, proin, rip on, ripon
French
Noun
prion m (plural prions)
- prion
Spanish
Alternative forms
- prión
Noun
prion m (plural priones)
- prion
prion From the web:
- what prion causes creutzfeldt-jakob disease
- what prion causes mad cow disease
- what prion disease
- what prion causes fatal familial insomnia
- what prions do
- what prion causes cjd
- how do you get creutzfeldt jakob disease cjd
- what is the cause of creutzfeldt jakob disease
prior
English
Alternative forms
- priour (obsolete)
Etymology
From Latin prior, comparative of Old Latin *pri (“before”), from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“beyond”), *pro (“before”). Parallel to English former, as comparative form from same Proto-Indo-European root, whence also fore (thence before).
Pronunciation
- (General American) IPA(key): /?p?a??/
- Rhymes: -a??(r)
Adjective
prior (not comparable)
- Advance; previous; coming before.
- Former, previous.
Usage notes
- The etymological antonym is ulterior (from Latin; compare primate/ultimate for “first/last”). This is now no longer used, however, and there is no corresponding antonym. Typically either subsequent or posterior is used, but these form different pairs – precedent/subsequent and anterior/posterior – and are more formal than prior. When an opposing pair is needed, these can be used, or other pairs such as former/latter or previous/next.
Synonyms
- anterior
- See also Thesaurus:former
Antonyms
- posterior
Derived terms
- prior to
Related terms
- priority
Translations
Adverb
prior (comparative more prior, superlative most prior)
- (colloquial) Previously.
- Synonyms: ago, hitherto
Translations
Noun
prior (plural priors)
- A high-ranking member of a monastery, usually lower in rank than an abbot.
- (historical) A chief magistrate in Italy.
- (US, law enforcement) A previous arrest or criminal conviction on someone's record. [from 19th c.]
- 1939, Raymond Chandler, The Big Sleep, Penguin 2011, p. 53:
- ‘And a little later we get the routine report on his prints from Washington, and he's got a prior back in Indiana, attempted hold-up six years ago.’
- 1939, Raymond Chandler, The Big Sleep, Penguin 2011, p. 53:
- (statistics, Bayesian inference) A prior probability distribution, one based on information or belief before additional data is collected. [from 20th c.]
Synonyms
- (second-in-command to an abbot): provost
Derived terms
Related terms
- priory
Coordinate terms
- (statistics): posterior
Translations
References
- “prior”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.
Catalan
Etymology
From Latin prior.
Noun
prior m (plural priors, feminine priora)
- prior (a high-ranking member of a monastery)
Related terms
- priorat
- prioritat
Further reading
- “prior” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “prior” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
- “prior” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “prior” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *pri?s, from earlier *prij?s, from *pri + *-j?s, thus the comparative degree of Old Latin *pri (“before”), from Proto-Italic *pri from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“beyond”), *pro (“before”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /?pri.or/, [?p?i?r]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /?pri.or/, [?p?i??r]
Adjective
prior (neuter prius, superlative pr?mus); third-declension comparative adjective
- former, prior, previous (preceding in time)
- the first, the original
- in front
- (figuratively) better, superior
- (substantive, Medieval Latin) abbot, prior
Usage notes
- This adjective has no positive form; rather, it serves as the comparative (prior) and superlative (pr?mus) of the preposition prae. (Compare the preposition post, with comparative posterior and superlative postremus).
Declension
- Third-declension comparative adjective.
Derived terms
- pri?r?s
- prius
- priusquam
Related terms
- pr?mus
Descendants
- ? Catalan: prior
- ? Czech: p?evor
- ? Dutch: prior
- ? English: prior
- ? Finnish: priori
- ? French: prieur
- ? Irish: prióir
- ? Galician: prior
- ? Italian: priore
- ? Middle High German: prior
- German: Prior
- ? Norwegian Bokmål: priori
- ? Polish: przeor
- ? Romanian: prior
- ? Russian: ????? (prior)
- ? Spanish: prior
References
- prior in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- prior in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- prior in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
- prior in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
- Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book?[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
Spanish
Etymology
From Latin prior.
Noun
prior m (plural priores, feminine priora, feminine plural prioras)
- prior (a high-ranking member of a monastery)
Derived terms
- priorazgo
Related terms
- prioridad
- priorato
Further reading
- “prior” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.
prior From the web:
- what prior means
- what priority mail
- what priority means
- what prioritize mean
- what priority group am i in va
- what priority date is uscis working on
- what priority date means
- what priority am i for the vaccine
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