different between retreat vs retrograde

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English retret, from Old French retrait or retret, from Latin retractus, from retraho. Doublet of retract.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /???t?i?t/
• Rhymes: -i?t

Noun

retreat (plural retreats)

1. The act of pulling back or withdrawing, as from something dangerous, or unpleasant.
2. The act of reversing direction and receding from a forward position.
3. A peaceful, quiet place affording privacy or security.
   • 1692, Roger L'Estrange, "Fable 100: An Old Man and a Lion", Fables of Aesop, page 115

     ... he built his son a house of pleasure, on purpose to keep him out of harm's way; and spared neither art nor cost to make it a delicious retreat.

   • That pleasing shade they sought, a soft retreat / From sudden April showers, a shelter from the heat.

4. (rare and obsolete, euphemistic) A peaceful, quiet place in which to urinate and defecate: an outhouse; a lavatory.
5. A period of retirement, seclusion, or solitude.

6. A period of meditation, prayer or study.
7. Withdrawal by military force from a dangerous position or from enemy attack.

8. A signal for a military withdrawal.
9. A bugle call or drumbeat signaling the lowering of the flag at sunset, as on a military base.
10. A military ceremony to lower the flag.
11. (chess) The move of a piece from a threatened position.

Related terms

• retract

Translations

Verb

retreat (third-person singular simple present retreats, present participle retreating, simple past and past participle retreated) (intransitive)

1. To withdraw from a position, go back.
   1. To withdraw militar forces

2. (of a glacier) To shrink back due to generally warmer temperatures.
3. To slope back.

   a retreating forehead

Translations

Etymology 2

re- +? treat

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?i??t?i?t/
• Rhymes: -i?t

Verb

retreat (third-person singular simple present retreats, present participle retreating, simple past and past participle retreated)

1. Alternative spelling of re-treat

Further reading

• Retreat in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

Anagrams

• treater, tree rat

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Borrowed from English retreat. Doublet of retrett.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /r??tri?t/

Noun

retreat m (definite singular retreaten, indefinite plural retreater, definite plural retreatene)

1. a period of meditation, prayer or study; retreat
2. a location for such activities

Usage notes

• Prior to the 2005 spelling reform, this noun was considered grammatically neuter.

References

• “retreat” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “retreat” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

Borrowed from English retreat. Doublet of retrett.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /r??tri?t/ (example of pronunciation)

Noun

retreat m (definite singular retreaten, indefinite plural retreatar, definite plural retreatane)

1. a period of meditation, prayer or study; retreat
2. a location for such activities

Usage notes

• Prior to a revision made alongside the 2005 Bokmål spelling reform, this noun was considered grammatically neuter.

References

• “retreat” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /???t?????e?d/

Etymology 1

From Middle English [Term?], from Latin retr?gradus, from retr? (“backwards”) + gradus (“step”).

Adjective

retrograde (comparative more retrograde, superlative most retrograde)

1. Directed backwards, retreating; reverting, especially to an inferior state, declining; inverse, reverse; movement opposite to normal or intended motion, often circular motion.

   retrograde ideas, morals, etc.

   • 1975, Saul Bellow, Humboldt's Gift [Avon ed., 1976, p. 74]:

     Such retrograde people still exist, resisting modernity, dragging their feet.

2. Counterproductive to a desired outcome.
   • 1601 - William Shakespeare, Hamlet Act I Scene ii.

     In going back to school in Wittenberg, / It is most retrograde to our desire:/ And we beseech you, bend you to remain

3. (astronomy, of a body orbiting another) In the opposite direction to the orbited body's spin.
4. (geology) Describing a metamorphic change resulting from a decreasing pressure or temperature.
5. (by extension, of a person) A person who opposes social reforms, favoring the maintenance of the status quo, conservative.

Synonyms

• traditionalist
• reactionary

Antonyms

• liberal
• reformist
• progressist

Related terms

Translations

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

retrograde (plural retrogrades)

1. A degenerate person.
2. (music) The reversal of a melody so that what is played first in the original melody is played last and what is played last in the original melody is played first.

Translations

Etymology 3

From Latin retr?gradior or Late Latin retrogredere (retro- (“back”) + gradi (“walk”)).

Verb

retrograde (third-person singular simple present retrogrades, present participle retrograding, simple past and past participle retrograded)

1. (intransitive) To move backwards; to recede; to retire; to decline; to revert.
2. (intransitive, astronomy) To show retrogradation.

Antonyms

• prograde
• direct

Related terms

Translations

Anagrams

• retrogarde

German

Pronunciation

Adjective

retrograde

1. inflection of retrograd:
   1. strong/mixed nominative/accusative feminine singular
   2. strong nominative/accusative plural
   3. weak nominative all-gender singular
   4. weak accusative feminine/neuter singular

Italian

Adjective

retrograde

1. feminine plural of retrogrado

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ret?o???ade/, [re.t??o????a.ð?e]

Verb

retrograde

1. First-person singular (yo) present subjunctive form of retrogradar.
2. Formal second-person singular (usted) present subjunctive form of retrogradar.
3. Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted^?) present subjunctive form of retrogradar.
4. Formal second-person singular (usted) imperative form of retrogradar.