different between shorten vs subject
shorten
English
Etymology
From Middle English shortnen, schortenen, equivalent to short +? -en (verbal suffix). In some senses, a continuation (in altered form) of Middle English schorten (“to make short, shorten”), from Old English s?ortian (“to become short”), from Proto-Germanic *skurt?n? (“to shorten”).
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /????t?n/
- (US) IPA(key): /????t?n/
Verb
shorten (third-person singular simple present shortens, present participle shortening, simple past and past participle shortened)
- (transitive) To make shorter; to abbreviate.
- 1877, Anna Sewell, Black Beauty Chapter 22[1]
- York came round to our heads and shortened the rein himself, one hole I think; every little makes a difference, be it for better or worse, and that day we had a steep hill to go up.
- 1877, Anna Sewell, Black Beauty Chapter 22[1]
- (intransitive) To become shorter.
- (transitive) To make deficient (as to); to deprive (of).
- Spoiled of his nose, and shorten'd of his ears.
- (transitive) To make short or friable, as pastry, with butter, lard, etc.
- (transitive) To reduce or diminish in amount, quantity, or extent; to lessen.
- to shorten an allowance of food
- 1699, John Dryden, Dedication to His Grace the Duke of Ormond
- Here, where the subject is so fruitful, I am shortened by my chain.
- 1858, George Borrow, The Romany Rye (volume 2, page 128)
- My grandfather, as I said before, was connected with a gang of shorters, and sometimes shortened money, […]
- (nautical, transitive) To take in the slack of (a rope).
- (nautical, transitive) To reduce (sail) by taking it in.
Synonyms
- See also Thesaurus:shorten
Antonyms
- extend
- lengthen
Translations
Anagrams
- Herston, Hornets, Rhotens, Thorens, Thorsen, enhorts, hornets, snoreth, thrones
shorten From the web:
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- what shortens when a muscle is contracted
subject
English
Etymology 1
From Middle English subget, from Old French suget, from Latin subiectus (“lying under or near, adjacent, also subject, exposed”), as a noun, subiectus (“a subject, an inferior”), subiectum (“the subject of a proposition”), past participle of subici? (“throw, lay, place”), from sub (“under, at the foot of”) + iaci? (“throw, hurl”), as a calque of Ancient Greek ??????????? (hupokeímenon).
Pronunciation
- enPR: s?b?j?kt, IPA(key): /?s?b.d??kt/
- (also) (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /?s?b.d??kt/
- Hyphenation: sub?ject
Adjective
subject (comparative more subject, superlative most subject)
- Likely to be affected by or to experience something.
- c. 1678 (written), 1682 (published), John Dryden, Mac Flecknoe
- All human things are subject to decay.
- c. 1678 (written), 1682 (published), John Dryden, Mac Flecknoe
- Conditional upon something; used with to.
- Placed or situated under; lying below, or in a lower situation.
- Placed under the power of another; owing allegiance to a particular sovereign or state.
- , Book I
- Esau was never subject to Jacob.
- , Book I
Translations
Etymology 2
From Latin subiectus (“a subject, an inferior”), subiectum (“the subject of a proposition”), past participle of subici? (“throw, lay, place”), from sub (“under, at the foot of”) + iaci? (“throw, hurl”).
Pronunciation
- enPR: s?b?j?kt, IPA(key): /?s?b.d??kt/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /?s?b.d??kt/
- Hyphenation: sub?ject
Noun
subject (plural subjects)
- (grammar) In a clause: the word or word group (usually a noun phrase) about whom the statement is made. In active clauses with verbs denoting an action, the subject and the actor are usually the same.
- An actor; one who takes action.
- The subjects and objects of power.
- The main topic of a paper, work of art, discussion, field of study, etc.
- 1695, John Dryden (translator), Observations on the Art of Painting by Charles Alphonse du Fresnoy
- Make choice of a subject beautifull and noble, which […] shall […] afford […] an ample field of matter wherein to expatiate itself.
- 1695, John Dryden (translator), Observations on the Art of Painting by Charles Alphonse du Fresnoy
- A particular area of study.
- A citizen in a monarchy.
- A person ruled over by another, especially a monarch or state authority.
- (music) The main theme or melody, especially in a fugue.
- 1878, William Smith Rockstro, "Subject" in A Dictionary of Music and Musicians
- The earliest known form of subject is the ecclesiastical cantus firmus, or plain song.
- 1878, William Smith Rockstro, "Subject" in A Dictionary of Music and Musicians
- A human, animal or an inanimate object that is being examined, treated, analysed, etc.
- 1748, Conyers Middleton, Life of Cicero
- Writers of particular lives […] are apt to be prejudiced in favour of their subject.
- 1748, Conyers Middleton, Life of Cicero
- (philosophy) A being that has subjective experiences, subjective consciousness, or a relationship with another entity.
- (logic) That of which something is stated.
- (mathematics) The variable in terms of which an expression is defined.
Synonyms
- (discussion): matter, topic
Derived terms
- between-subjects
- subject matter
- subject title
- subjective
- within-subjects
Translations
See also
- object
- predicate
Etymology 3
From Medieval Latin subiect?, iterative of subici? (“throw, lay, place”), from sub (“under, at the foot of”) + iaci? (“throw, hurl”).
Pronunciation
- enPR: s?b-j?kt?, IPA(key): /s?b?d??kt/, /s?b?d??kt/
- Rhymes: -?kt
Verb
subject (third-person singular simple present subjects, present participle subjecting, simple past and past participle subjected)
- (transitive, construed with to) To cause (someone or something) to undergo a particular experience, especially one that is unpleasant or unwanted.
- I came here to buy souvenirs, not to be subjected to a tirade of abuse!
- (transitive) To make subordinate or subservient; to subdue or enslave.
Synonyms
- underbring
Translations
Further reading
- subject in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
- subject in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
- subject at OneLook Dictionary Search
subject From the web:
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