different between stark vs fundamental

English

Pronunciation

• (General American) enPR: stärk, IPA^(key): /st??k/
• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: stärk, IPA^(key): /st??k/
• Rhymes: -??(r)k

Etymology 1

From Middle English stark, starc, from Old English stearc, starc (“stiff, obstinate, severe, etc.”), from Proto-Germanic *starkaz, *starkuz (“stiff, strong”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)terg- (“rigid, stiff”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian sterc (“strong”), Dutch sterk (“strong”), Low German sterk (“strong”), German stark (“strong”), Danish stærk (“strong”), Swedish stark (“strong”), Norwegian sterk (“strong”), Icelandic sterkur (“strong”). Related to starch.

In the phrase stark naked: an alternation of start ("tail" or "rump"), a literal parallel to the modern butt naked.

Adjective

stark (comparative starker, superlative starkest)

1. (obsolete) Hard, firm; obdurate.
2. Severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather).
3. (poetic, literary or archaic) Strong; vigorous; powerful.
   • Stark beer, boy, stout and strong beer.

4. Stiff, rigid.
   • The north is not so stark and cold.

5. Plain in appearance; barren, desolate.

6. Complete, absolute, full.

   • Consider, first, the stark security / The commonwealth is in now.

   • 1689 (first published posthumously), John Selden, Table-Talk

     Rhetoric is very good or stark naught; there's no medium in rhetoric.

   • Ramadans, and prolonged ham-squattings in cold, cheerless rooms were stark nonsense

Derived terms

• starken

Translations

Adverb

stark (not comparable)

1. starkly; entirely, absolutely

   • […] held him strangled in his arms till he was stark dead.

Usage notes

In standard modern English, the adverb is essentially restricted to stark naked and phrases meaning "crazy" on the pattern of stark raving mad.

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English starken, from Old English stearcian (“to stiffen, become hard, grow stiff or hard”), from Proto-Germanic *stark?n?, *stark?n? (“to stiffen, become hard”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)terg- (“rigid, stiff”). Cognate with German erstarken (“to strengthen”).

Verb

stark (third-person singular simple present starks, present participle starking, simple past and past participle starked)

1. (obsolete or dialect) To stiffen.

Related terms

• starkish
• starkly
• starkers

Anagrams

• Karst, Trask, karst, karts, skart

German

Etymology

From Middle High German stark, from Old High German stark, from Proto-Germanic *starkuz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?tark/, [?ta?k], [?ta??k], [?ta?k]

Adjective

stark (comparative stärker, superlative am stärksten)

1. strong (intense, powerful, unyielding)
2. strong (having a high concentration of some ingredient, e.g. alcohol)
3. (grammar) strong (inflecting according to a pattern distinct from another called "weak")
4. (colloquial, slightly dated) great, brilliant, awesome

Declension

See also

(grammar): gemischt, schwach

Further reading

• “stark” in Duden online
• “stark” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
• Friedrich Kluge (1883) , “stark”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891

Kashubian

Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Slavic *star?.

Noun

stark m

1. grandfather

Related terms

• starka

Low German

Etymology

Cognate with German stark, Dutch sterk.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /stark/, /sta?k/

Adjective

stark (comparative starker, superlative starkst)

1. strong, powerful

Declension

Synonyms

• dull
• heftig
• hevig
• ossig
• slimm
• stevig
• dannig
• düchtig
• swied

Derived terms

• Starkde/Stärkde

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *starkuz, whence also Old English stearc, Old Norse sterkr.

Adjective

stark

1. strong

Derived terms

• starch?

Descendants

• German: stark
• Yiddish: ??????? (shtark)

Slovene

Noun

stark

1. genitive dual/plural of starka

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish starker, from Old Norse starkr, from Proto-Germanic *starkuz, from Proto-Indo-European *sterg-.

Pronunciation

Adjective

stark (comparative starkare, superlative starkast)

1. strong; able to use great force
2. strong; capable of withstanding great physical force
3. strong; highly stimulating to the senses

   starkt ljus

   strong light

4. (taste) spicy, hot; with a biting taste

   Den maten är för stark för mig.

   That food is too hot for me.

5. strong; having a high concentration of an essential; possibly alcohol

   starkt kaffe

   strong coffee

6. (grammar) strong
7. (military) strong; not easily subdued or taken

Declension

Synonyms

• (able to use great force): kraftfull
• (capable of withstanding force): stadig
• (spicy): het
• (having intense odor or flavor): frän, skarp, stickande

Related terms

• styrka
• stärka
• styrkelyft
• starkt verb, stark böjning

See also

• oregelbundet verb

Anagrams

• raskt

English

Alternative forms

• foundament (when used as a noun)

Etymology

From Late Latin fundament?lis, from Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fund? (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”), from Proto-Indo-European *b?ud?m?n.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?f?nd??m?nt?l/
• Hyphenation: fun?da?men?tal

Noun

fundamental (plural fundamentals)

1. (usually in the plural) A leading or primary principle, rule, law, or article, which serves as the groundwork of a system; an essential part

   one of the fundamentals of linear algebra

2. (physics) The lowest frequency of a periodic waveform.
3. (music) The lowest partial of a complex tone.

Translations

Adjective

fundamental (comparative more fundamental, superlative most fundamental)

1. Pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation.
2. Essential, as an element, principle, or law; important; original; elementary.

Synonyms

• groundlaying
• See also Thesaurus:bare-bones

Hyponyms

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

Further reading

• fundamental in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• fundamental in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

Danish

Etymology

From fundament +? -al.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /f?ndam?nta?l/, [f?nd?am?n?t?æ??l]

Adjective

fundamental

1. basic, fundamental

Inflection

Synonyms

• afgørende
• basal
• grundliggende, grundlæggende

Derived terms

• fundamentalisme
• fundamentalist

Galician

Etymology

From Latin fund?ment?lis.

Pronunciation

Adjective

fundamental m or f (plural fundamentais)

1. fundamental

Further reading

• “fundamental” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.

German

Etymology

From Latin fund?ment?lis; synchronically analyzable as Fundament +? -al.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /f?ndam?n?ta?l/
• Hyphenation: fun?da?men?tal

Adjective

fundamental (comparative fundamentaler, superlative am fundamentalsten)

1. fundamental

Declension

Synonyms

• grundlegend

Derived terms

• Fundamentalismus, Fundamentalist

Related terms

• Fundamentalerkenntnis, Fundamentalentscheidung, Fundamentalgesetz, Fundamentalsatz

Further reading

• “fundamental” in Duden online

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Latin fundamentalis

Adjective

fundamental (masculine and feminine fundamental, neuter fundamentalt, definite singular and plural fundamentale)

1. fundamental, basic

Related terms

• fundament

References

• “fundamental” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “fundamental” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin fundamentalis

Adjective

fundamental (masculine and feminine fundamental, neuter fundamentalt, definite singular and plural fundamentale)

1. fundamental, basic

Related terms

• fundament

References

• “fundamental” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin fund?ment?lis.

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /?f?.da.m?.?taw/, /f?.?da.m?.?taw/
• Hyphenation: fun?da?men?tal

Adjective

fundamental m or f (plural fundamentais, comparable)

1. fundamental; essential (pertaining to the basic part or notion of something)

   Synonyms: essencial, básico

Derived terms

• fundamentalismo
• fundamentalista
• fundamentalmente

Further reading

• “fundamental” in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa.
• “fundamental” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.

Romanian

Etymology

From French fondamental, from Latin fundamentalis

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?fun.da.men?tal/

Adjective

fundamental m or n (feminine singular fundamental?, masculine plural fundamentali, feminine and neuter plural fundamentale)

1. fundamental

Declension

Related terms

References

• fundamental in DEX online - Dic?ionare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin fund?ment?lis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fundamen?tal/, [f?n?.d?a.m?n??t?al]
• Hyphenation: fun?da?men?tal

Adjective

fundamental (plural fundamentales)

1. fundamental

Derived terms

• fundamentalismo
• fundamentalista
• fundamentalmente
• interacción fundamental

Related terms

• fundamentar
• fundamento
• fundar

Further reading

• “fundamental” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

Swedish

Adjective

fundamental (not comparable)

1. fundamental

Declension

References

• fundamental in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• fundamental in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)