different between substitution vs reformation

English

Etymology

From Middle French substitution, from Late Latin substitutio.

Pronunciation

• (US) IPA^(key): /?s?bst??tu??n/
• (UK) IPA^(key): /?s?bst??tju???n/

Noun

substitution (countable and uncountable, plural substitutions)

1. The act of substituting or the state of being substituted.
2. A substitute or replacement.
3. (chemistry, especially organic chemistry) The replacement of an atom, or group of atoms, in a compound, with another.
4. (linguistics) The expansion of the lexicon of a language by native means in correspondence to a foreign term.

   Hypernym: loan

   Hyponyms: loan coinage, loan meaning

   Coordinate term: importation

Derived terms

Translations

Anagrams

• bustitutions

French

Etymology

From Latin substit?ti?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /syp.sti.ty.sj??/

Noun

substitution f (plural substitutions)

1. substitution

Related terms

• substituer

Further reading

• “substitution” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin reformatio, reformationis (“reform, change”), from ref?rm? (“transform, reshape”), from re- + f?rm? (“shape, form”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /???f??me??n?/
• (US) IPA^(key): /???f??me??n?/
• Rhymes: -e???n

Noun

reformation (countable and uncountable, plural reformations)

1. An improvement (or an intended improvement) in the existing form or condition of institutions or practices, etc.; intended to make a striking change for the better in social, political or religious affairs or in the conduct of persons or operation of organizations.
   • 1590, Sir Philip Sidney, Book 2:

     […] olde men long nusled in corruption, scorning them that would seeke reformation […]

   • ca. 1597, William Shakespeare, Henry IV, Part I, Act I, sc. 2:

     And like bright metal on a sullen ground,

     My reformation, glittering o'er my fault,

     Shall show more goodly, and attract more eyes

     Than that which hath no foil to set it off.

   • 1625, Francis Bacon, "Of Innovation"

     It is good also, not to try experiments in states, except the necessity be urgent, or the utility evident; and well to beware, that it be the reformation, that draweth on the change, and not the desire of change, that pretendeth the reformation.

   • 1677, John Dryden, The State of Innocence and the Fall of Man, Author's Apology:

     […] satire lashes vice into reformation, and humour represents folly so as to render it ridiculous.

2. (law) Change or correction, by a court in equity, to a written instrument to conform to the original intention of the parties.
   • 1893, Christopher Gustavus Tiedeman, A Treatise on Equity Jurisprudence, Chapter XXIX, §507 (footnotes omitted):

     All sorts of legal instruments may be reformed by equity, when the errors, which have been committed in the execution of them, are mutual mistakes or a mistake of one party combined with the fraud of the other. Thus, reformation has been decreed of all kinds of deeds of conveyance, including leases, mortgages, deeds of trust, marriage and family settlements. Likewise, bonds of all kinds, policies of insurance, assignments or release of mortgages, executory contracts for the sale of lands, the indorsement of a note, agreements for the establishment of a highway, military orders. So may, also, judgments and other records be corrected or be reformed.

Translations

Further reading

• Protestant Reformation on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

French

Etymology

re- +? formation

Pronunciation

Noun

reformation f (plural reformations)

1. re-formation

See also

• réformation