different between surge vs pour

English

Etymology

From Middle English surgen, possibly from Middle French sourgir, from Old French surgir (“to rise, ride near the shore, arrive, land”), from Old Catalan surgir, from Latin surg?, contr. of surrig?, subrig? (“lift up, raise, erect; intransitive rise, arise, get up, spring up, grow, etc.”, transitive verb), from sub (“from below; up”) + reg? (“to stretch”); see regent.

Pronunciation

• (US) enPR: sûrj IPA^(key): /s?d?/
• (UK) IPA^(key): /s??d?/
• Rhymes: -??(?)d?
• Homophone: serge

Noun

surge (plural surges)

1. A sudden transient rush, flood or increase.

2. The maximum amplitude of a vehicle's forward/backward oscillation
3. (electricity) A sudden electrical spike or increase of voltage and current.

4. (aviation) A momentary reversal of the airflow through the compressor section of a jet engine due to disruption of the airflow entering the engine's air intake, accompanied by loud banging noises, emission of flame, and temporary loss of thrust.
5. (nautical) The swell or heave of the sea. (FM 55-501).
   • 1901, Bible (American Standard Version), James i. 6

     He that doubteth is like the surge of the sea driven by the wind and tossed.

   • He flies aloft, and, with impetuous roar, / Pursues the foaming surges to the shore.

6. (obsolete) A spring; a fountain.
   • 1523-1525, John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners, Froissart's Chronicles

     all great rivers are gorged and assembled of various surges and springs of water

7. The tapered part of a windlass barrel or a capstan, upon which the cable surges, or slips.

Synonyms

• inrush

Derived terms

• countersurge
• surgeless

Translations

Verb

surge (third-person singular simple present surges, present participle surging, simple past and past participle surged)

1. (intransitive) To rush, flood, or increase suddenly.

   • Carried somehow, somewhither, for some reason, on these surging floods, were these travelers, of errand not wholly obvious to their fellows, yet of such sort as to call into query alike the nature of their errand and their own relations.
2. To accelerate forwards, particularly suddenly.
3. (transitive, nautical) To slack off a line.

Related terms

• source

Translations

References

• surge in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• surge in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• FM 55-501

Anagrams

• Ruges, grues, urges

Italian

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -urd?e

Verb

surge

1. third-person singular present indicative of surgere

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?sur.?e/, [?s??r??]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?sur.d??e/, [?surd???]

Verb

surge

1. second-person singular present active imperative of surg?
   • (Matt. IX. v.5)

            Arise, and walk. (KJV)

Portuguese

Verb

surge

1. third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) present indicative of surgir
2. second-person singular (tu, sometimes used with você) affirmative imperative of surgir

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?su?xe/, [?su?.xe]

Verb

surge

1. Informal second-person singular (tú) affirmative imperative form of surgir.
2. Formal second-person singular (usted) present indicative form of surgir.
3. Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted^?) present indicative form of surgir.

English

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: pô, IPA^(key): /p??/
• (General American) enPR: pôr, IPA^(key): /p??/
• (rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger) enPR: p?r, IPA^(key): /po(?)?/
• (non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger) IPA^(key): /po?/
• (obsolete) enPR: pour, pou?r, IPA^(key): /pa??/, /pa???/
• Rhymes: -??(?)
• Homophone: pore; poor (in accents with the pour–poor merger); paw (non-rhotic accents with the horse–hoarse merger)

Etymology 1

From Middle English pouren (“to pour”), of uncertain origin. Likely to be of Celtic origin, from Celtic base *purr- (“to jerk, throw (water)”), akin to Welsh bwrw (“to cast, strike, rain”), Scottish Gaelic purr (“to push, thrust, urge, drive”), Irish purraim (“I push, I jerk”). Compare also the rare Dutch pouren (“to pour”).

Displaced Middle English schenchen, Middle English schenken (“to pour”) (from Old English s?en?an (“to pour out”), whence dialectal English shink, and Old Norse skenkja, whence dialectal English skink, and akin to Dutch schenken (“to pour; to gift”)), Middle English ?eoten, Middle English yetten (“to pour”) (from Old English ??otan (“to pour”) and akin to German gießen (“to pour”)), Middle English birlen (“to pour, serve drink to”) (from Old English byrelian (“to pour, serve drink to”)), Middle English hellen (“to pour, pour out”) (from Old Norse hella (“to pour out, incline”)). Largely displaced English teem, from Middle English temen (“to pour out, empty”) (from Old Norse tœma (“to pour out, empty”))

Verb

pour (third-person singular simple present pours, present participle pouring, simple past and past participle poured)

1. (transitive) To cause (liquid, or liquid-like substance) to flow in a stream, either out of a container or into it.

2. (transitive, figuratively) To send out as in a stream or a flood; to cause (an emotion) to come out; to cause to escape.
   • […] I haue drunke neither wine nor strong drinke, but haue powred out my soule before the Lord.

   • Now will I shortly powre out my furie vpon thee, and accomplish mine anger vpon thee […]
3. (transitive) To send forth from, as in a stream; to discharge uninterruptedly.
   • 1733-1734, Alexander Pope, An Essay on Man

     Is it for thee the linnet pours his throat?

4. (intransitive) To flow, pass or issue in a stream; to fall continuously and abundantly.

5. (impersonal) To rain hard.

6. (intransitive) Of a beverage, to be on tap or otherwise available for serving to customers.
7. (intransitive) To move in a throng, as a crowd.
   • 1716, John Gay, Trivia: Or, The Art of Walking the Streets of London

     In the rude throng pour on with furious pace.

Synonyms

• (pour a drink): shink, skink

Derived terms

Translations

Noun

pour (plural pours)

1. The act of pouring.

2. Something, or an amount, poured.
   • 2003, John Brian Newman, B. S. Choo, Advanced concrete technology: Volume 2

     Over this time period, the first concrete pour has not only lost workability but has started to set so that it is no longer affected by the action of a vibrator.

3. (colloquial) A downpour, or flood of precipitation.

Translations

Etymology 2

Verb

pour

1. Misspelling of pore.

References

Anagrams

• puro, roup

Alemannic German

Alternative forms

• pur, pür
• Puur

Etymology

From Middle High German b?re, gib?re, from Old High German gib?ro, from b?r (“peasant”). Cognate with German Bauer, Dutch buur, English bower.

Noun

pour m

1. (Issime) farmer

References

• “pour” in Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

French

Etymology

From Middle French pour, from Old French por, pur, from Vulgar Latin *por, from Latin pr?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pu?/
• Rhymes: -u?

Preposition

pour

1. for (when followed by a noun or pronoun)

2. to (when followed by a verb in the infinitive)

Derived terms

• peser le pour et le contre
• pour ainsi dire
• pourboire m
• pour ce qui est de
• pour-cent m
• pour-compte m
• pour que

Further reading

• “pour” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Anagrams

• prou

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French por, pur.

Preposition

pour

1. for (indicates an intended aim or recipient)

Descendants

• French: pour

Norman

Alternative forms

• pouor (Jersey)

Etymology

From Old French por, from Vulgar Latin *por, from Latin pr?.

Preposition

pour

1. (Guernsey) for
2. (Guernsey) in order to

Romansch

Alternative forms

• (peasant, farmer): pur (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Puter), paur (Vallader)
• (pawn): pur (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Puter, Vallader)

Etymology

Of Germanic origin, cognate with German Bauer, Dutch boer.

Noun

pour m (plural pours)

1. (Surmiran) peasant, farmer
2. (Surmiran, chess) pawn