different between surprising vs confounding

English

Etymology

From surprise +? -ing.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /s??p?a?z??/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /s??p?a?z??/
• (General American, r-dissimilation) IPA^(key): /s??p?a?z??/
• Hyphenation: sur?pris?ing
• Rhymes: -a?z??

Verb

surprising

1. present participle of surprise

Adjective

surprising (comparative more surprising, superlative most surprising)

1. Causing surprise.

Synonyms

• astonishing, unexpected

Derived terms

• surprisingly

See Thesaurus:surprising

Translations

Noun

surprising (plural surprisings)

1. A situation in which somebody is surprised.
   • 1983, David Dowling, Novelists on Novelists (page xii)

     But the comments of most of these novelists are the record of their continual surprisings by the varieties of moral and aesthetic truths.

English

Verb

confounding

1. present participle of confound

Noun

confounding (plural confoundings)

1. The act by which things are confounded, or confused.
2. (epidemiology) The process by which an apparent association between an exposure and an outcome is actually explained by another factor.
   • 2013, Macera CA, Shaffer R, Shaffer PM, Introduction to Epidemiology: Distribution and Determinants of Disease, Cengage Learning, p.158:

     Confounding is defined as the confusion or distortion of measures of association between exposure and outcome as a result of third (or more) variable(s).