different between transhumanism vs mutualism

English

Alternative forms

• H+, h+, H-plus

Etymology

From trans- +? humanism, coined by Julian Huxley in 1957.

Noun

transhumanism (countable and uncountable, plural transhumanisms)

1. A philosophy favouring the use of science and technology, especially neurotechnology, biotechnology, and nanotechnology, to overcome human limitations and improve the human condition.
   • 2011, Braden R. Allenby, Daniel Sarewitz, The Techno-Human Condition, MIT Press (?ISBN), page 87:

     Those who favor transhumanism speak the language of individual choice and freedom from institutional authoritarianism; those who challenge it speak the language of human dignity and human nature as embodied in the individual.

Coordinate terms

• posthumanism

Related terms

• transhuman
• transhumanist
• Transhumanist Party

See also

• bioconservatism

Translations

Further reading

• transhumanism on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

English

Etymology

mutual +? -ism. Compare French mutualisme and Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish mutualismo.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?mju?.t??.??l?z.m?/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /?mju.t?u.??l?z.m?/
• Hyphenation: mu?tu?al?ism

Noun

mutualism (countable and uncountable, plural mutualisms)

1. (ecology) Any interaction between two species that benefits both; typically involves the exchange of substances or services.
2. An economic theory and anarchist school of thought that advocates a society where each person might possess a means of production, either individually or collectively, with trade representing equivalent amounts of labor in the free market.

Related terms

• commensalism

Translations

Romanian

Etymology

From French mutualité

Noun

mutualism n (uncountable)

1. mutualism, mutuality

Declension

Related terms

• mutual